Monitoring of the thermal neutron flux in the LSM underground laboratory

This paper describes precise measurements of the thermal neutron flux in the LSM underground laboratory in proximity of the EDELWEISS-II dark matter search experiment together with short measurements at various other locations. Monitoring of the flux of thermal neutrons is accomplished using a mobile detection system with low background proportional counter filled with $^3$He. On average 75 neutrons per day are detected with a background level below 1 count per day (cpd). This provides a unique possibility of a day by day study of variations of the neutron field in a deep underground site. The measured average 4$pi$ neutron flux per cm$^{2}$ in the proximity of EDELWEISS-II is $Phi_{MB}=3.57pm0.05^{stat}pm0.27^{syst}times 10^{-6}$ neutrons/sec. We report the first experimental observation that the point-to-point thermal neutron flux at LSM varies by more than a factor two.