We demonstrate that the sign structure of the t-J model on a hypercubic lattice is entirely different from that of a Fermi gas, by inspecting the high temperature expansion of the partition function up to all orders, as well as the multi-hole propagator of the half-filled state and the perturbative expansion of the ground state energy. We show that while the fermion signs can be completely gauged away by a Marshall sign transformation at half-filling, the bulk of the signs can be also gauged away in a doped case, leaving behind a rarified irreducible sign structure that can be enumerated easily by counting exchanges of holes with themselves and spins on their real space paths. Such a sparse sign structure implies a mutual statistics for the quantum states of the doped Mott insulator.
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