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Many materials that are out of equilibrium can learn one or more inputs that are repeatedly applied. Yet, a common framework for understanding such memories is lacking. Here we construct minimal representations of cyclic memory behaviors as directed graphs, and we construct simple physically-motivated models that produce the same graph structures. We show how a model of worn grass between park benches can produce multiple transient memories---a behavior previously observed in dilute suspensions of particles and charge-density-wave conductors---and the Mullins effect. Isolating these behaviors in our simple model allows us to assess the necessary ingredients for these kinds of memory, and to quantify memory capacity. We contrast these behaviors with a simple Preisach model that produces return-point memory. Our analysis provides a unified method for comparing and diagnosing cyclic memory behaviors across different materials.
Disordered magnets, martensitic mixed crystals, and glassy solids can be irreversibly deformed by subjecting them to external deformation. The deformation produces a smooth, reversible response punctuated by abrupt relaxation glitches. Under appropri
We explore the compaction dynamics of a granular pile after a hard quench from a liquid into the glassy regime. First, we establish that the otherwise athermal granular pile during tapping exhibits annealing behavior comparable to glassy polymer or c
In this article we explore how structural parameters of composites filled with one-dimensional, electrically conducting elements (such as sticks, needles, chains, or rods) affect the percolation properties of the system. To this end, we perform Monte
We have performed a thorough examination of the reorientational relaxation dynamics and the ionic charge transport of three typical deep eutectic solvents, ethaline, glyceline and reline by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Our experiments cover a b
Some aspects of how sound waves travel through disordered solids are still unclear. Recent work has characterized a feature of disordered solids which seems to influence vibrational excitations at the mesoscales, local elastic heterogeneity. Sound wa