ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
Early-type galaxies are not the simple Population II systems they have long been assumed to be. While upwards of 80% of the stellar mass of early-type galaxies likely formed at high redshift, small frostings of intermediate-age stellar populations (a few to 20% percent by mass of 1-2 Gyr old stars) are present in nearly every field and group early-type galaxy and in at least some cluster early-types. These frostings of young stars have little effect on the determination of photometric redshifts, thanks to the age-metallicity degeneracy of broad-band colors, but even mild bursts of star formation at modest redshifts (a few tenths) may make identification of the progenitors of todays early-type galaxies difficult at cosmological distances.
Resolution studies of test problems set baselines and help define minimum resolution requirements, however, resolution studies must also be performed on scientific simulations to determine the effect of resolution on the specific scientific results.
We present three different methods to estimate error bars on the predictions made using a neural network. All of them represent lower bounds for the extrapolation errors. For example, we did not include an analysis on robustness against small perturb
Analysis of cluster and field star uvby data demonstrates the existence of a previously undetected discrepancy in a widely used photometric metallicity calibration for G dwarfs. The discrepancy is systematic and strongly color-dependent, reducing the
The attenuation of light in star forming galaxies is correlated with a multitude of physical parameters including star formation rate, metallicity and total dust content. This variation in attenuation is even more prevalent on the kiloparsec scale, w
Double machine learning (DML) is becoming an increasingly popular tool for automated model selection in high-dimensional settings. At its core, DML assumes unconfoundedness, or exogeneity of all considered controls, which might likely be violated if