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Tunable terahertz plasmons are essential for reconfigurable photonics, which have been demonstrated in graphene through gating, though with relatively weak responses. Here, we demonstrate strong terahertz plasmons in graphite thin films via infrared spectroscopy, with dramatic tunability by even a moderate temperature change or an in-situ bias voltage. Meanwhile, through magneto-plasmon studies, we reveal that massive electrons and massless Dirac holes make comparable contributions to the plasmon response. Our study not only sets up a platform for further exploration of two-component plasmas, but also opens an avenue for terahertz modulation through electrical bias or all-optical means.
The observation of the electrically tunable and highly confined plasmons in graphene has stimulated the exploration of interesting properties of plasmons in other two dimensional materials. Recently, hyperbolic plasmon resonance modes are observed in
Sub-wavelength graphene structures support localized plasmonic resonances in the terahertz and mid-infrared spectral regimes. The strong field confinement at the resonant frequency is predicted to significantly enhance the light-graphene interaction,
The ability to modulate light at high speeds is of paramount importance for telecommunications, information processing, and medical imaging technologies. This has stimulated intense efforts to master optoelectronic switching at visible and near-infra
Among its many outstanding properties, graphene supports terahertz surface plasma waves -- sub-wavelength charge density oscillations connected with electromagnetic fields that are tightly localized near the surface[1,2]. When these waves are confine
Graphene, a unique two-dimensional material of carbon in a honeycomb lattice, has brought remarkable breakthroughs across the domains of electronics, mechanics, and thermal transport, driven by the quasiparticle Dirac fermions obeying a linear disper