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Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$ and let $X$ the projective line over $k$ with three points removed. We investigate which finite groups $G$ can arise as the monodromy group of finite {e}tale covers of $X$ that are tamely ramified over the three removed points. This provides new information about the tame fundamental group of the projective line. In particular, we show that for each prime $pge 5$, there are families of tamely ramified covers with monodromy the symmetric group $S_n$ or alternating group $A_n$ for infinitely many $n$. These covers come from the moduli spaces of elliptic curves with $PSL_2(mathbb{F}_ell)$-structure, and the analysis uses work of Bourgain, Gamburd, and Sarnak, and adapts work of Meiri and Puder, about Markoff triples modulo $ell$.
Given a Galois cover of curves X to Y with Galois group G which is totally ramified at a point x and unramified elsewhere, restriction to the punctured formal neighborhood of x induces a Galois extension of Laurent series rings k((u))/k((t)). If we f
We determine the irreducible components of Igusa varieties for Shimura varieties of Hodge type and use that to determine the irreducible components of central leaves. In particular, we show that the discrete Hecke-orbit conjecture is false in general
We classify the irreducible projective representations of symmetric and alternating groups of minimal possible and second minimal possible dimensions, and get a lower bound for the third minimal dimension. On the way we obtain some new results on branching which might be of independent interest.
Let $X$ be a smooth projective connected curve of genus $gge 2$ defined over an algebraically closed field $k$ of characteristic $p>0$. Let $G$ be a finite group, $P$ a Sylow $p$-subgroup of $G$ and $N_G(P)$ its normalizer in $G$. We show that if the
In the present article, we define a notion of good height functions on quasi-projective varieties $V$ defined over number fields and prove an equidistribution theorem of small points for such height functions. Those good height functions are defined