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Q-learning is a regression-based approach that is widely used to formalize the development of an optimal dynamic treatment strategy. Finite dimensional working models are typically used to estimate certain nuisance parameters, and misspecification of these working models can result in residual confounding and/or efficiency loss. We propose a robust Q-learning approach which allows estimating such nuisance parameters using data-adaptive techniques. We study the asymptotic behavior of our estimators and provide simulation studies that highlight the need for and usefulness of the proposed method in practice. We use the data from the Extending Treatment Effectiveness of Naltrexone multi-stage randomized trial to illustrate our proposed methods.
Targeted Learning is a subfield of statistics that unifies advances in causal inference, machine learning and statistical theory to help answer scientifically impactful questions with statistical confidence. Targeted Learning is driven by complex pro
The methodology developed in this article is motivated by a wide range of prediction and uncertainty quantification problems that arise in Statistics, Machine Learning and Applied Mathematics, such as non-parametric regression, multi-class classifica
It is well-known that information loss can occur in the classic and simple Q-learning algorithm. Entropy-based policy search methods were introduced to replace Q-learning and to design algorithms that are more robust against information loss. We conj
Effectively leveraging large, previously collected datasets in reinforcement learning (RL) is a key challenge for large-scale real-world applications. Offline RL algorithms promise to learn effective policies from previously-collected, static dataset
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a common multivariate statistical analysis method, and Probabilistic Principal Component Analysis (PPCA) is its probabilistic reformulation under the framework of Gaussian latent variable model. To improve the ro