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Low-energy supersymmetric models such as MSSM, NMSSM and MSSM with vectorlike fermion are consistent with perturbative unification. While the non-minimal extensions naturally explain Higgs mass and dark matter in the low energy region, it is unclear how seriously they are constrained in the ultraviolet region. Our study shows that $i)$, In the case of embedding MSSM into $rm{SU}(5)$, the fit to SM fermion masses requires a singlet $S$, which leads to unviable embedding of NMSSM into $rm{SU}(5)$ because such $S$ feeds singlet $N$ a mass of order unification scale as well. $ii)$, Similar result holds in the case of embedding NMSSM into $rm{SO}(10)$, where $S$ is replaced by some Higgs fields responsible for $rm{SO}(10)$ breaking. $iii)$, On the contrary, for the embedding of MSSM with $16$-dimensional vectorlike fermions into $rm{SO}(10)$, the Higgs field responsible for the vectorlike mass of order TeV scale can evade those problems the singlet $N$ encounters because of an intermediate mass scale in the $126$-dimensional Higgs field.
We apply the perturbative grand unification due to renormalization to distinguish TeV-scale relics of supersymmetric $rm{SO}(10)$ scenarios. With rational theoretical constraints taken into account, we find that for the breaking pattern of either $rm
Gauge-Higgs grand unification is formulated. By extending $SO(5) times U(1)_X$ gauge-Higgs electroweak unification, strong interactions are incorporated in $SO(11)$ gauge-Higgs unification in the Randall-Sundrum warped space. Quarks and leptons are c
It is shown how grand unification can occur in models which are partly supersymmetric. The particle states which are composite do not contribute to the running of gauge couplings above the compositeness scale, while the elementary states contribute t
We discuss a grand unified theory (GUT) based on a $USp(32)$ GUT gauge group broken to its subgroups including a special subgroup. A GUT based on an $SO(32)$ GUT gauge group has been discussed on six-dimensional (6D) orbifold space $M^4times T^2/math
Supersymmetric grand unification based on $SO(10)$ is one of the most attractive paradigms in physics beyond the Standard Model. Inspired by the recent NANOGrav signal, we discuss the implications of detecting a stochastic gravitational wave backgrou