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The mainstream textbooks of quantum mechanics explains the quantum state collapses into an eigenstate in the measurement, while other explanations such as hidden variables and multi-universe deny the collapsing. Here we propose an ideal thinking experiment on measuring the spin of an electron with 3 steps. It is simple and straightforward, in short, to measure a spin-up electron in x-axis, and then in z-axis. Whether there is a collapsing predicts different results of the experiment. The future realistic experiment will show the quantum state collapses or not in the measurement.
In the system of a gravitating Q-ball, there is a maximum charge $Q_{{rm max}}$ inevitably, while in flat spacetime there is no upper bound on $Q$ in typical models such as the Affleck-Dine model. Theoretically the charge $Q$ is a free parameter, and
Despite the obvious utility of the concept, it has often been argued that time does not exist. I take the opposite perspective: lets imagine that time does exist, and the universe is described by a quantum state obeying ordinary time-dependent quantu
This contribution is an attempt to try to understand the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe within the {it spin-charge-family-theory} if assuming that transitions in non equilibrium processes among instanton vacua and complex phases in mixin
A solution to the second measurement problem, determining what prior microscopic properties can be inferred from measurement outcomes (pointer positions), is worked out for projective and generalized (POVM) measurements, using consistent histories. T
While there has been much recent work studying how linguistic information is encoded in pre-trained sentence representations, comparatively little is understood about how these models change when adapted to solve downstream tasks. Using a suite of an