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A new axiom is proposed, the Ground Axiom, asserting that the universe is not a nontrivial set-forcing extension of any inner model. The Ground Axiom is first-order expressible, and any model of ZFC has a class-forcing extension which satisfies it. The Ground Axiom is independent of many well-known set-theoretic assertions including the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis, the assertion V=HOD that every set is ordinal definable, and the existence of measurable and supercompact cardinals. The related Bedrock Axiom, asserting that the universe is a set-forcing extension of a model satisfying the Ground Axiom, is also first-order expressible, and its negation is consistent. As many of these results rely on forcing with proper classes, an appendix is provided giving an exposition of the underlying theory of proper class forcing.
A new axiom is proposed, the Ground Axiom, asserting that the universe is not a nontrivial set forcing extension of any inner model. The Ground Axiom is first-order expressible, and any model of ZFC has a class forcing extension which satisfies it. T
Menger conjectured that subsets of $mathbb R$ with the Menger property must be $sigma$-compact. While this is false when there is no restriction on the subsets of $mathbb R$, for projective subsets it is known to follow from the Axiom of Projective D
This paper investigates Voevodskys univalence axiom in intensional Martin-Lof type theory. In particular, it looks at how univalence can be derived from simpler axioms. We first present some existing work, collected together from various published an
One-sided exact categories are obtained via a weakening of a Quillen exact category. Such one-sided exact categories are homologically similar to Quillen exact categories: a one-sided exact category $mathcal{E}$ can be (essentially uniquely) embedded