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The structure of the $(sqrt{31}times sqrt{31})Rpm9^circ$ reconstructed phase on sapphire (0001) surface is investigated by means of a simulation based on the energy minimization. The interaction between Al adatoms is described with the semi-empirical many-body Sutton-Chen potential, corrected for the charge transfer between the metallic overlayer and the substrate. The interactions between the Al adatoms and sapphire substrate are described with a simple three-dimensional potential field which has the hexagonal periodicity of sapphire surface. Our energy analysis gave evidence that the structure which is observed at room temperature is in fact a frozen high-temperature structure. In accordance with the X-ray scattering, a hexagonal domain pattern separated by domain walls has been found. The Al adatoms, distributed in two monolayers, are ordered and isomorphic to metallic Al(111) in the domains and disordered in the domain walls. The main reason for the rotational reconstruction is the lattice misfit between the metallic Al and sapphire.
Interfaces of sapphire are of technological relevance as sapphire is used as a substrate in electronics, lasers, and Josephson junctions for quantum devices. In addition, its surface is potentially useful in catalysis. Using first principles calculat
We report the results of x-ray scattering studies of AlN on c-plane sapphire during reactive radiofrequency magnetron sputtering. The sensitivity of in situ x-ray measurements allowed us to follow the structural evolution of strain and roughness from
Most spectroscopic methods for studying the electronic structure of metal surfaces have the disadvantage that either only occupied or only unoccupied states can be probed, and the signal is cut at the Fermi edge. This leads to significant uncertainti
Wurtzite (Ga,Mn)N films showing ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature were successfully grown on sapphire(0001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy using ammonia as nitrogen source. Magnetization measurements were carried out by a superconduct
We introduce an approach to exploit the existence of multiple levels of description of a physical system to radically accelerate the determination of thermodynamic quantities. We first give a proof of principle of the method using two empirical inter