ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
We study the density structures of planetary nebulae implied by four diagnostics that sample different regions within the nebulae: [S II] $lambda6716/lambda6731$, [O II] $lambda3726/lambda3729$, [Cl III] $lambda5518/lambda5538$, and [Ar IV] $lambda4711/lambda4740$. We use a sample of 46 objects with deep spectra that allow the calculation of the electron density from these four diagnostics, and explore the impact that different atomic data have on the results. We compare the observational results with those obtained from photoionization models characterized by three different density structures. We conclude that the atomic data used in the calculations of electron density fully determine the density structures that are derived for the objects. We illustrate this by selecting three combinations of atomic data that lead to observational results that are compatible with each of the three different density structures explored with the models.
[Abridged] Investigations of neutron(n)-capture element nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution have largely been based on stellar spectroscopy. However, the recent detection of these elements in several planetary nebulae (PNe) indicates that nebular
Imaging and spectroscopic observations of planetary nebulae (PNe) in the nearest large elliptical galaxy NGC 5128 (Centaurus A), were obtained to find more PNe and measure their radial velocities. NTT imaging was obtained in 15 fields in NGC 5128 ove
We present new results of a program aimed at studying the physical properties, origin and evolution of those phenomena which go under the somewhat generic definition of low-ionization, small-scale structures in PNe. We have obtained morphological and
Radio continuum observations trace thermal emission of ionized plasma in planetary nebulae and bring useful information on nebular geometries. A model of homogeneous sphere or shell cannot fit the nebular spectra and brightness temperatures. Two alte
The understanding of astronomical nebulae is based on observational data (images, spectra, 3D data-cubes) and theoretical models. In this review, I present my very biased view on photoionization modeling of planetary nebulae, focusing on 1D multi-com