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Local-probe imaging of the ferroelectric domain structure and auxiliary bulk pyroelectric measurements were conducted at low temperatures with the aim to clarify the essential aspects of the orbitally driven phase transition in GaMo4S8, a lacunar spinel crystal that can be viewed as a spin-hole analogue of its GaV4S8 counterpart. We employed multiple scanning probe techniques combined with symmetry and mechanical compatibility analysis to uncover the hierarchical domain structures, developing on the 10-100 nm scale. The identified domain architecture involves a plethora of ferroelectric domain boundaries and junctions, including primary and secondary domain walls in both electrically neutral and charged configurations, and topological line defects transforming neutral secondary walls into two oppositely charged ones.
Magnetoelectric coupling in ferromagnet/multiferroic systems is often manifested in the exchange bias effect, which may have combined contributions from multiple sources, such as domain walls, chemical defects or strain. In this study we magnetically
Controlling magnetism using voltage is highly desired for applications, but remains challenging due to fundamental contradiction between polarity and magnetism. Here we propose a mechanism to manipulate magnetic domain walls in ferrimagnetic or ferro
Magnetic-domain structure and dynamics play an important role in understanding and controlling the magnetic properties of two-dimensional magnets, which are of interest to both fundamental studies and applications[1-5]. However, the probe methods bas
Domain walls are functionally different from the domains they separate, but little is known about their mechanical properties. Using scanning probe microscopy, we have measured the mechanical response of ferroelectric 180o domain walls and observed t
Using heterostructures that combine a large-polarization ferroelectric (BiFeO3) and a high-temperature superconductor (YBa2Cu3O7-{delta}), we demonstrate the modulation of the superconducting condensate at the nanoscale via ferroelectric field effect