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In 1977, Purcell asked why liquid viscosities all stop at the same place? Liquids are hard to understand, yet today we can answer the Purcell question in terms of fundamental physical constants fixing viscosity minima. With the Planck constant setting the minimal viscosity, water and life appear to be well attuned to the degree of quantumness of the physical world.
Amorphous solids display a ductile to brittle transition as the kinetic stability of the quiescent glass is increased, which leads to a material failure controlled by the sudden emergence of a macroscopic shear band in quasi-static protocols. We nume
We comment and discuss the findings and conclusions of a recent theoretical study of the diffraction of He atoms from a monolayer of Xe atoms adsorbed on the graphite (0001) surface [Khokonov et al., Surf. Sci. 496(2002)L13]. By revisiting the proble
We introduce a simple nearest-neighbor spin model with multiple metastable phases, the number and decay pathways of which are explicitly controlled by the parameters of the system. With this model we can construct, for example, a system which evolves
A novel liquid-liquid phase transition has been proposed and investigated in a wide variety of pure substances recently, including water, silica and silicon. From computer simulations using the Stillinger-Weber classical empirical potential, Sastry a
We combine the shear-transformation-zone (STZ) theory of amorphous plasticity with Edwards statistical theory of granular materials to describe shear flow in a disordered system of thermalized hard spheres. The equations of motion for this system are