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We study the scalar induced tensor perturbations at second order during matter domination in seven different gauges. Considering the obtained solution from the Newtonian gauge, we use the gauge transformation law of the scalar induced tensor perturbation to derive the solution in six other gauges. After identifying and eliminating the residual gauge modes in the synchronous and comoving orthogonal gauges, we obtain the same analytical results of the kernel function $I_{chi}$ for these two gauges as those obtained from the gauge transformation. For the scalar induced gravitational waves oscillating as $sin x$ and $cos x$, we find that $rho_{text{GW}}propto a^{-4}$, and $Omega_{text{GW}}propto 1/a$ in the matter dominated era, so the oscillating gravitational waves behave as radiation.
The gauge dependence of the scalar induced gravitational waves (SIGWs) generated at the second order imposes a challenge to the discussion of the secondary gravitational waves generated by scalar perturbations. We provide a general formula that is va
In scalar-vector-tensor (SVT) theories with parity invariance, we perform a gauge-ready formulation of cosmological perturbations on the flat Friedmann-Lema^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) background by taking into account a matter perfect fluid. We d
Matter bounces refer to scenarios wherein the universe contracts at early times as in a matter dominated epoch until the scale factor reaches a minimum, after which it starts expanding. While such scenarios are known to lead to scale invariant spectr
Phenomenological implications of the Mimetic Tensor-Vector-Scalar theory (MiTeVeS) are studied. The theory is an extension of the vector field model of mimetic dark matter, where a scalar field is also incorporated, and it is known to be free from gh
Recently, it was proposed that a small true vacuum universe can inflate spontaneously, in principle. Furthermore, there should be matter creation in vacuum inflation due to quantum fluctuations, and the matter created will influence the inflation sim