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By imposing the boundary condition associated with the boundary structure of the null boundaries rather than the usual one, we find that the key requirement in Harlow-Wus algorithm fails to be met in the whole covariant phase space. Instead, it can be satisfied in its submanifold with the null boundaries given by the expansion free and shear free hypersurfaces in Einsteins gravity, which can be regarded as the origin of the non-triviality of null boundaries in terms of Wald-Zoupass prescription. But nevertheless, by sticking to the variational principle as our guiding principle and adapting Harlow-Wus algorithm to the aforementioned submanifold, we successfully reproduce the Hamiltonians obtained previously by Wald-Zoupas prescription, where not only are we endowed with the expansion free and shear free null boundary as the natural stand point for the definition of the Hamiltonian in the whole covariant phase space, but also led naturally to the correct boundary term for such a definition.
The covariant phase space method of Iyer, Lee, Wald, and Zoupas gives an elegant way to understand the Hamiltonian dynamics of Lagrangian field theories without breaking covariance. The original literature however does not systematically treat total
Determining the masses of new physics particles appearing in decay chains is an important and longstanding problem in high energy phenomenology. Recently it has been shown that these mass measurements can be improved by utilizing the boundary of the
We study general relativity at a null boundary using the covariant phase space formalism. We define a covariant phase space and compute the algebra of symmetries at the null boundary by considering the boundary-preserving diffeomorphisms that preserv
We perform a careful study of the infrared sector of massless non-abelian gauge theories in four-dimensional Minkowski spacetime using the covariant phase space formalism, taking into account the boundary contributions arising from the gauge sector o
We show that the phase space of three-dimensional gravity contains two layers of dualities: between diffeomorphisms and a notion of dual diffeomorphisms on the one hand, and between first order curvature and torsion on the other hand. This is most el