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تسجيل مستخدم جديدLevel-density parameters in superheavy nuclei
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We systematically study the nuclear level densities of superheavy nuclei, including odd systems, using the single-particle energies obtained with the Woods-Saxon potential diagonalization. Minimization over many deformation parameters for the global minima - ground states and the imaginary water flow technique on many deformation energy grids for the saddle points, including nonaxial shapes has been applied. The level density parameters are calculated by fitting the obtained results with the standard Fermi gas expression. The total potential energy and shell correction dependencies of the level-density parameter are analyzed and compared at the ground state and saddle point. These parameters are compared with the results of the phenomenological expression. As shown, this expression should be modified for the saddle points, especially for small excitation energy. The ratio of the level-density parameter at the saddle point to that at the ground state is shown to be crucial for the survival probability of the heavy nucleus.
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The nuclear level densities and level-density parameters in fissioning nuclei at their saddle points of fission barriers - $a_{f}$, as well as those for neutron - $a_{n}$, proton - $a_{p}$ , and $alpha$-particle - $a_{alpha}$ emission residues at the
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Relativistic energy density functionals (REDF) provide a complete and accurate, global description of nuclear structure phenomena. A modern semi-empirical functional, adjusted to the nuclear matter equation of state and to empirical masses of deforme
d nuclei, is applied to studies of shapes of superheavy nuclei. The theoretical framework is tested in a comparison of calculated masses, quadrupole deformations, and potential energy barriers to available data on actinide isotopes. Self-consistent mean-field calculations predict a variety of spherical, axial and triaxial shapes of long-lived superheavy nuclei, and their alpha-decay energies and half-lives are compared to data. A microscopic, REDF-based, quadrupole collective Hamiltonian model is used to study the effect of explicit treatment of collective correlations in the calculation of Q{alpha} values and half-lives.
The impact of pairing correlations on the fission barriers is investigated in Relativistic Hartree Bogoliubov (RHB) theory and Relativistic Mean Field (RMF)+BCS calculations. It is concluded that the constant gap approximation in the usual RMF+BCS ca
lculations does not provide an adequate description of the barriers. The RHB calculations show that there is a substantial difference in the predicted barrier heights between zero-range and finite range pairing forces even in the case when the pairing strengths of these two forces are adjusted to the same value of the pairing gap at the ground state.
Using the microscopic-macroscopic model based on the deformed Woods-Saxon single-particle potential and the Yukawa-plus-exponential macroscopic energy we calculated static fission barriers $B_{f}$ for 1305 heavy and superheavy nuclei $98leq Z leq 126
$, including even - even, odd - even, even - odd and odd - odd systems. For odd and odd-odd nuclei, adiabatic potential energy surfaces were calculated by a minimization over configurations with one blocked neutron or/and proton on a level from the 10-th below to the 10-th above the Fermi level. The parameters of the model that have been fixed previously by a fit to masses of even-even heavy nuclei were kept unchanged. A search for saddle points has been performed by the Imaginary Water Flow method on a basic five-dimensional deformation grid, including triaxiality. Two auxiliary grids were used for checking the effects of the mass asymmetry and hexadecapole non-axiallity. The ground states were found by energy minimization over configurations and deformations. We find that the non-axiallity significantly changes first and second fission barrier in many nuclei. The effect of the mass - asymmetry, known to lower the second, very deformed barriers in actinides, in the heaviest nuclei appears at the less deformed saddles in more than 100 nuclei. It happens for those saddles in which the triaxiallity does not play any role, what suggests a decoupling between effects of the mass-asymmetry and triaxiality. We studied also the influence of the pairing interaction strength on the staggering of $B_f$ for odd- and even-particle numbers. Finally, we provide a comparison of our results with other theoretical fission barrier evaluations and with available experimental estimates.
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