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Some properties of the optimal representation of numbers are investigated. This representation, which is to the base-e, is examined for coding of integers. An approximate representation without fractions that we call WF is introduced and compared with base-2 and base-3 representations, which are next to base-e in efficiency. Since trees are analogous to number representation, we explore the relevance of the statistical optimality of the base-e system for the understanding of complex system behavior and of social networks. We show that this provides a new theoretical explanation for the nature of the power law exhibited by many open complex systems. In specific, we show that the power law distribution most often proposed for such systems has a form that is similar to that derived from the optimal base-e representation.
The proofs that the real numbers are denumerable will be shown, i.e., that there exists one-to-one correspondence between the natural numbers $N$ and the real numbers $Re$. The general element of the sequence that contains all real numbers will be ex
We present in this work a heuristic expression for the density of prime numbers. Our expression leads to results which possesses approximately the same precision of the Riemanns function in the domain that goes from 2 to 1010 at least. Instead of usi
Prime Numbers clearly accumulate on defined spiral graphs,which run through the Square Root Spiral. These spiral graphs can be assigned to different spiral-systems, in which all spiral-graphs have the same direction of rotation and the same -- second
Natural numbers divisible by the same prime factor lie on defined spiral graphs which are running through the Square Root Spiral (also named as the Spiral of Theodorus or Wurzel Spirale or Einstein Spiral). Prime Numbers also clearly accumulate on su
The natural numbers divisible by the Prime Factors 2, 3, 5, 11, 13 and 17 lie on defined spiral graphs, which run through the Square Root Spiral. A mathematical analysis shows, that these spiral graphs are defined by specific quadratic polynomials. B