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The bondage number $b(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the smallest number of edges whose removal from $G$ results in a graph with larger domination number. Let $G$ be embeddable on a surface whose Euler characteristic $chi$ is as large as possible, and assume $chileq0$. Gagarin-Zverovich and Huang have recently found upper bounds of $b(G)$ in terms of the maximum degree $Delta(G)$ and the Euler characteristic $chi(G)=chi$. In this paper we prove a better upper bound $b(G)leqDelta(G)+lfloor trfloor$ where $t$ is the largest real root of the cubic equation $z^3 + z^2 + (3chi - 8)z + 9chi - 12=0$; this upper bound is asymptotically equivalent to $b(G)leqDelta(G)+1+lfloor sqrt{4-3chi} rfloor$. We also establish further improved upper bounds for $b(G)$ when the girth, order, or size of the graph $G$ is large compared with its Euler characteristic $chi$.
A complex unit gain graph (or $mathbb{T}$-gain graph) is a triple $Phi=(G, mathbb{T}, varphi)$ ($(G, varphi)$ for short) consisting of a graph $G$ as the underlying graph of $(G, varphi)$, $mathbb{T}= { z in C:|z|=1 } $ is a subgroup of the multiplic
We establish a lower bound for the energy of a complex unit gain graph in terms of the matching number of its underlying graph, and characterize all the complex unit gain graphs whose energy reaches this bound.
We give upper bounds on the order of the automorphism group of a simple graph
A fan $F_n$ is a graph consisting of $n$ triangles, all having precisely one common vertex. Currently, the best known bounds for the Ramsey number $R(F_n)$ are $9n/2-5 leq R(F_n) leq 11n/2+6$, obtained by Chen, Yu and Zhao. We improve the upper bound to $31n/6+O(1)$.
For a fixed planar graph $H$, let $operatorname{mathbf{N}}_{mathcal{P}}(n,H)$ denote the maximum number of copies of $H$ in an $n$-vertex planar graph. In the case when $H$ is a cycle, the asymptotic value of $operatorname{mathbf{N}}_{mathcal{P}}(n,C