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We report scanning transmission X-ray microscopy of mixed helical and skyrmion magnetic states in thin FeGe lamellae. This imaging of the out-of-plane magnetism allows clear identification of the different magnetic states, and reveals details about the coexistence of helical and skyrmion states. In particular, our data show that finite length helices are continuously deformable down to the size of individual skyrmions and are hence topologically equivalent to skyrmions. Furthermore, we observe transition states between helical and skyrmion states across the thickness of the lamella that are evidence for frozen Bloch points in the sample after field cooling.
Magnetic materials hosting correlated electrons play an important role for information technology and signal processing. The currently used ferro-, ferri- and antiferromagnetic materials provide microscopic moments (spins) that are mainly collinear.
Herein we show that non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering involving an $s$ core level is a powerful spectroscopic method to characterize the excited states of transition metal compounds. The spherical charge distribution of the $s$ core hole allows
We report experimental and theoretical evidence for the formation of chiral bobbers - an interfacial topological spin texture - in FeGe films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). After establishing the presence of skyrmions in FeGe/Si(111) thin fil
Diffraction imaging of non-equilibrium dynamics at atomic resolution is becoming possible with X-ray free-electron lasers. However, there are unresolved problems with applying this method to objects that are confined in only one dimension. Here I sho
The Skyrme-particle, the $skyrmion$, was introduced over half a century ago and used to construct field theories for dense nuclear matter. But with skyrmions being mathematical objects - special types of topological solitons - they can emerge in much