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Bitcoin brings a new type of digital currency that does not rely on a central system to maintain transactions. By benefiting from the concept of decentralized ledger, users who do not know or trust each other can still conduct transactions in a peer-to-peer manner. Inspired by Bitcoin, other cryptocurrencies were invented in recent years such as Ethereum, Dash, Zcash, Monero, Grin, etc. Some of these focus on enhancing privacy for instance crypto note or systems that apply the similar concept of encrypted notes used for transactions to enhance privacy (e.g., Zcash, Monero). However, there are few mechanisms to support the exchange of privacy-enhanced notes or assets on the chain, and at the same time preserving the privacy of the exchange operations. Existing approaches for fair exchanges of assets with privacy mostly rely on off-chain/side-chain, escrow or centralized services. Thus, we propose a solution that supports oblivious and privacy-protected fair exchange of crypto notes or privacy enhanced crypto assets. The technology is demonstrated by extending zero-knowledge based crypto notes. To address privacy and multi-currency, we build a new zero-knowledge proving system and extend note format with new property to represent various types of tokenized assets or cryptocurrencies. By extending the payment protocol, exchange operations are realized through privacy enhanced transactions (e.g., shielded transactions). Based on the possible scenarios during the exchange operation, we add new constraints and conditions to the zero-knowledge proving system used for validating transactions publicly.
Port Knocking is a method for authenticating clients through a closed stance firewall, and authorising their requested actions, enabling severs to offer services to authenticated clients, without opening ports on the firewall. Advances in port knocki
Distributed ledger systems (i.e., blockchains) have received a lot of attention recently. They promise to enable mutually untrusted participants to execute transactions, while providing the immutability of the transaction history and censorship resis
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Most of our lives are conducted in the cyberspace. The human notion of privacy translates into a cyber notion of privacy on many functions that take place in the cyberspace. This article focuses on three such functions: how to privately retrieve info