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We present a deep reinforcement learning framework where a machine agent is trained to search for a policy to generate a ground state for the square ice model by exploring the physical environment. After training, the agent is capable of proposing a sequence of local moves to achieve the goal. Analysis of the trained policy and the state value function indicates that the ice rule and loop-closing condition are learned without prior knowledge. We test the trained policy as a sampler in the Markov chain Monte Carlo and benchmark against the baseline loop algorithm. This framework can be generalized to other models with topological constraints where generation of constraint-preserving states is difficult.
Neutron scattering, a.c. magnetic susceptibility and specific heat studies have been carried out on polycrystalline Dy2Zr2O7. Unlike the pyrochlore spin ice Dy2Ti2O7, Dy2Zr2O7 crystallizes into the fluorite structure and the magnetic Dy3+ moments ran
In their seminal paper on scattering by an inhomogeneous solid, Debye and coworkers proposed a simple exponentially decaying function for the two-point correlation function of an idealized class of two-phase random media. Such {it Debye random media}
In this letter, we show how the Survey Propagation algorithm can be generalized to include external forcing messages, and used to address selectively an exponential number of glassy ground states. These capabilities can be used to explore efficiently
We propose an optimization method of mutual learning which converges into the identical state of optimum ensemble learning within the framework of on-line learning, and have analyzed its asymptotic property through the statistical mechanics method.Th
The cortex exhibits self-sustained highly-irregular activity even under resting conditions, whose origin and function need to be fully understood. It is believed that this can be described as an asynchronous state stemming from the balance between ex