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This paper studies tree-automatic ordinals (or equivalently, well-founded linearly ordered sets) together with the ordinal addition operation +. Informally, these are ordinals such that their elements are coded by finite trees for which the linear order relation of the ordinal and the ordinal addition operation can be determined by tree automata. We describe an algorithm that, given two tree-automatic ordinals with the ordinal addition operation, decides if the ordinals are isomorphic.
By adapting the iterative yardstick construction of Stockmeyer, we show that the reachability problem for vector addition systems with a stack does not have elementary complexity. As a corollary, the same lower bound holds for the satisfiability prob
An $omega$-tree-automatic structure is a relational structure whose domain and relations are accepted by Muller or Rabin tree automata. We investigate in this paper the isomorphism problem for $omega$-tree-automatic structures. We prove first that th
We prove that the injectively omega-tree-automatic ordinals are the ordinals smaller than $omega^{omega^omega}$. Then we show that the injectively $omega^n$-automatic ordinals, where $n>0$ is an integer, are the ordinals smaller than $omega^{omega^n}
We investigate tree-automatic well-founded trees. Using Delhommes decomposition technique for tree-automatic structures, we show that the (ordinal) rank of a tree-automatic well-founded tree is strictly below omega^omega. Moreover, we make a step tow
The reachability problem is a central decision problem for formal verification based on vector addition systems with states (VASS), which are equivalent to Petri nets and form one of the most studied and applied models of concurrency. Reachability fo