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Galactic winds are ubiquitously observed in galaxies both locally and in the high-redshift Universe. While these winds span many orders of magnitude in both temperature and density, observations of nearby galaxies show that the cold molecular phase tends to dominate both the mass and momentum carried. The capabilities of the ngVLA for the study of molecular outflows at low redshift are described elsewhere in this Volume; here we focus on the ability of the ngVLA to detect and image such outflows in the high-redshift Universe via deep observations of low-J transitions of the CO molecule. The ngVLA is capable of detecting molecular outflows from typical galaxies on the star-forming sequence with log(Mstar/Msun) >~ 10.5 to z~3, and galaxies with higher star formation rates to beyond z~4. The ngVLA will enable an understanding of the feedback processes that shape galaxies throughout the epoch of galaxy assembly when the bulk of the stars in the Universe were formed. While the emission associated with outflows is faint in comparison to the emission from the galaxy, deep observations are also required for high-resolution dynamical studies, allowing for the routine simultaneous detection and imaging of the outflows.
Gas density is widely believed to play a governing role in star formation. However, the exact role of density in setting the star formation rate remains debated. We also lack a general theory that explains how the gas density distribution in galaxies
Stars form in cold clouds of predominantly molecular (H2) gas. We are just beginning to understand how the formation, properties, and destruction of these clouds varies across the universe. In this chapter, we describe how the thermal line imaging ca
Energetic feedback by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) plays an important evolutionary role in the regulation of star formation (SF) on galactic scales. However, the effects of this feedback as a function of redshift and galaxy properties such as mass,
Imaging the bright maser emission produced by several molecular species at centimeter wavelengths is an essential tool for understanding the process of massive star formation because it provides a way to probe the kinematics of dense molecular gas at
Extraterrestrial amino acids, the chemical building blocks of the biopolymers that comprise life as we know it on Earth are present in meteoritic samples. More recently, glycine (NH$_2$CH$_2$COOH), the simplest amino acid, was detected by the Rosetta