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ALICE, a general purpose experiment designed to investigate nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), has also been used to detect atmospheric muons produced by cosmic-ray interactions in the atmosphere. In this contribution the analysis of the multiplicity distribution of the atmospheric muons detected by ALICE between 2010 and 2013 is presented, along with a comparison with Monte Carlo simulations. Special emphasis is given to the study of high-multiplicity events, i.e. those containing more than 100 reconstructed muons. Such high-multiplicity events demand primary cosmic rays with energy above $10^{16}$ eV. The frequency of these events can be successfully described by assuming a heavy mass composition of primary cosmic rays in this energy range, using the most recent interaction models to describe the development of the air shower resulting from the primary interaction.
The current methods to determine the primary energy of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are different when dealing with hadron or photon primaries. The current experiments combine two different techniques, an array of surface detectors and fluo
LOFAR (the Low Frequency Array), a distributed digital radio telescope with stations in the Netherlands, Germany, France, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, is designed to enable full-sky monitoring of transient radio sources. These capabilities are ide
We report the timing and spatial resolution from the Muon Telescope Detector (MTD) installed in the STAR experiment at RHIC. Cosmic ray muons traversing the STAR detector have an average transverse momentum of 6 GeV/c. Due to their very small multipl
Camera image sensors can be used to detect ionizing radiation in addition to optical photons. In particular, cosmic-ray muons are detected as long, straight tracks passing through multiple pixels. The distribution of track lengths can be related to t
I summarize in this paper the results and perspectives of representative ground experiments for the observation of very high energy cosmic rays.