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The fixing number of a graph $G$ is the order of the smallest subset $S$ of its vertex set $V(G)$ such that stabilizer of $S$ in $G$, $Gamma_{S}(G)$ is trivial. Let $G_{1}$ and $G_{2}$ be disjoint copies of a graph $G$, and let $g:V(G_{1})rightarrow V(G_{2})$ be a function. A functigraph $F_{G}$ consists of the vertex set $V(G_{1})cup V(G_{2})$ and the edge set $E(G_{1})cup E(G_{2})cup {uv:v=g(u)}$. In this paper, we study the behavior of the fixing number in passing from $G$ to $F_{G}$ and find its sharp lower and upper bounds. We also study the fixing number of functigraphs of some well known families of graphs like complete graphs, trees and join graphs.
Let $G_{1}$ and $G_{2}$ be disjoint copies of a graph $G$, and let $g:V(G_{1})rightarrow V(G_{2})$ be a function. A functigraph $F_{G}$ consists of the vertex set $V(G_{1})cup V(G_{2})$ and the edge set $E(G_{1})cup E(G_{2})cup {uv:g(u)=v}$. In this
The fixing number of a graph $G$ is the smallest cardinality of a set of vertices $S$ such that only the trivial automorphism of $G$ fixes every vertex in $S$. The fixing set of a group $Gamma$ is the set of all fixing numbers of finite graphs with a
We show that, in an alphabet of $n$ symbols, the number of words of length $n$ whose number of different symbols is away from $(1-1/e)n$, which is the value expected by the Poisson distribution, has exponential decay in $n$. We use Laplaces method fo
The fixing number of a graph $G$ is the smallest cardinality of a set of vertices $Fsubseteq V(G)$ such that only the trivial automorphism of $G$ fixes every vertex in $F$. Let $Pi$ $=$ ${F_1,F_2,ldots,F_k}$ be an ordered $k$-partition of $V(G)$. The
In this paper, we give bounds on the dichromatic number $vec{chi}(Sigma)$ of a surface $Sigma$, which is the maximum dichromatic number of an oriented graph embeddable on $Sigma$. We determine the asymptotic behaviour of $vec{chi}(Sigma)$ by showing