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The mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays can be studied from the distributions of the depth of shower maximum and/or the muon shower size. Here, we study the dependence of the mean muon shower size on the depth of shower maximum in detail. Air showers induced by protons and iron nuclei were simulated with two models of hadronic interactions already tuned with LHC data (run I-II). The generated air showers were combined to obtain various types of mass composition of the primary beam. We investigated the shape of the functional dependence of the mean muon shower size on the depth of shower maximum and its dependency on the composition mixture. Fitting this dependence we can derive the primary fractions and the muon rescaling factor with a statistical uncertainty at a level of few percent. The difference between the reconstructed primary fractions is below 20% when different models are considered. The difference in the muon shower size between the two models was observed to be around 6%.
The composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is an important issue in astroparticle physics research, and additional experimental results are required for further progress. Here we investigate what can be learned from the statistical correlation
Over the last two decades, various experiments have measured muon densities in extensive air showers over several orders of magnitude in primary energy. While some experiments observed differences in the muon densities between simulated and experimen
We present a meta-analysis of recent muon density measurements made by eight air shower experiments which cover shower energies ranging from PeV to tens of EeV regarding the muon puzzle in extensive air showers. Some experimental analyses reported de
We observe a correlation between the slope of radio lateral distributions, and the mean muon pseudorapidity of 59 individual cosmic-ray-air-shower events. The radio lateral distributions are measured with LOPES, a digital radio interferometer co-loca
The Experimental complex NEVOD includes several different setups for studying various components of extensive air showers (EAS) in the energy range from 10^10 to 10^18 eV. The NEVOD-EAS array for detection of the EAS electron-photon component began i