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The analysis of semi-inclusive deep inelastic electron scattering off polarized $^3$He at finite momentum transfers, aimed at the extraction of the quark transverse-momentum distributions in the neutron, requires the use of a distorted spin-dependent spectral function for $^3$He, which takes care of the final state interaction effects. This quantity is introduced in the non-relativistic case, and its generalization in a Poincare covariant framework, in plane wave impulse approximation for the moment being, is outlined. Studying the light-front spin-dependent spectral function for a J=1/2 system, such as the nucleon, it is found that, within the light-front dynamics with a fixed number of constituents and in the valence approximation, only three of the six leading twist T-even transverse-momentum distributions are independent.
We propose a practical folding model to describe $^{3}$He elastic scattering. In the model, $^{3}$He optical potentials are constructed by making the folding procedure twice. First the nucleon-target potential is evaluated by folding the Melbourne $g
We investigate the scattering of a quark on a heavy nucleus at high energies using the time-dependent basis light-front quantization (tBLFQ) formalism, which is the first application of the tBLFQ formalism in QCD. We present the real-time evolution o
We study the real-time evolution of an electron influenced by intense electromagnetic fields using the time-dependent basis light-front quantization (tBLFQ) framework. We focus on demonstrating the non-perturbative feature of the tBLFQ approach throu
We investigate the scattering of a quark jet on a high-energy heavy nucleus using the time-dependent light-front Hamiltonian approach. We simulate a real-time evolution of the quark in a strong classical color field of the relativistic nucleus, descr
Scaling features of the nuclear electromagnetic response functions unveil aspects of nuclear dynamics that are crucial for interpretating neutrino- and electron-scattering data. In the large momentum-transfer regime, the nucleon-density response func