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We construct symbolic dynamics on sets of full measure (w.r.t. an ergodic measure of positive entropy) for $C^{1+epsilon}$ flows on compact smooth three-dimensional manifolds. One consequence is that the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle of a compact $C^infty$ surface has at least const $times(e^{hT}/T)$ simple closed orbits of period less than $T$, whenever the topological entropy $h$ is positive -- and without further assumptions on the curvature.
A zero-dimensional (resp. symbolic) flow is a suspension flow over a zero-dimensional system (resp. a subshift). We show that any topological flow admits a principal extension by a zero-dimensional flow. Following [Bur19] we deduce that any topologic
We prove that every $C^1$ three-dimensional flow with positive topological entropy can be $C^1$ approximated by flows with homoclinic orbits. This extends a previous result for $C^1$ surface diffeomorphisms cite{g}.
Let ${T^t}$ be a smooth flow with positive speed and positive topological entropy on a compact smooth three dimensional manifold, and let $mu$ be an ergodic measure of maximal entropy. We show that either ${T^t}$ is Bernoulli, or ${T^t}$ is isomorphi
Given a piecewise $C^{1+beta}$ map of the interval, possibly with critical points and discontinuities, we construct a symbolic model for invariant probability measures with nonuniform expansion that do not approach the critical points and discontinui
In this survey we will present the symbolic extension theory in topological dynamics, which was built over the past twenty years.