اشترك بالحزمة الذهبية واحصل على وصول غير محدود شمرا أكاديميا
تسجيل مستخدم جديدExperimental study of the spatio-temporal development of meter-scale negative discharge in air
108
0
0.0
(
0
)
اسأل ChatGPT حول البحث
ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
We study the development of a negative discharge driven by a Marx generator of about 1 MV in an air gap of 1 up to 1.5 meter, at standard temperature and pressure. We show the evolution of the discharge with nanosecond-fast photography together with the electrical characteristics. The negative discharge develops through four well-distinguished streamer bursts. The streamers have different velocities and life times in different bursts. The last burst triggers a positive inception cloud on the positive grounded electrode and a burst of positive counter-streamers emerges. The pre-discharge then bridges the gap and leaders grow from both electrodes. Finally a spark is formed. Looking closer into the pre-ionized zone near the cathode, we find isolated dots which are potential branching points. These dots act as starting points for positive streamers that move towards the high-voltage electrode. We also find such phenomena as space leaders and leader stepping in our laboratory sparks.
قيم البحث
اقرأ أيضاً
In this work, we present an experimental study of nanosecond high-voltage discharges in a pin-to-pin electrode configuration at atmospheric conditions operating in single-pulse mode (no memory effects). Various discharge parameters, including voltage
, current, gas density, rotational/vibrational/gas temperature, and electron number density, were measured. Several different measurement techniques were used, including microwave Rayleigh scattering, laser Rayleigh scattering, optical emission spectroscopy enhanced with a nanosecond probing pulse, fast photography, and electrical parameter measurements. Spark and corona discharge regimes were studied with discharge pulse duration of 90 ns and electrode gap sizes ranging from 2 to 10 mm. The spark regime was observed for gaps < 6 mm using discharge pulse energies of 0.6-1 mJ per mm of the gap length. Higher electron number densities, total electron number per gap length, discharge currents, and gas temperatures were observed for smaller electrode gaps and larger pulse energies, reaching maximal values of about 7.5x10^15 cm-3, 3.5x10^11 electrons per mm, 22 A, and 4,000 K (at 10 us after the discharge), respectively, for a 2 mm gap and 1 mJ/mm discharge pulse energy. Initial breakdown was followed by a secondary breakdown occurring about 30-70 ns later and was associated with ignition of a cathode spot and transition of the discharge to cathodic arc. A majority of the discharge pulse energy was deposited into the gas before the secondary breakdown (85-89%). The electron number density after the ns discharge pulse decayed with a characteristic time scale of 150 ns governed by dissociative recombination and electron attachment to oxygen mechanisms. For the corona regime, substantially lower pulse energies (~0.1 mJ/mm), peak conduction current (1-2 A), and electron numbers (3-5x10^10 electrons per mm), and gas temperatures (360 K) were observed.
We address an experimental observation of pattern formation in a magnetised rf plasma. The experiments are carried out in a electrically grounded aluminium chamber which is housed inside a rotatable superconducting magnetic coil. The plasma is formed
by applying a rf voltage in parallel plate electrodes in push-pull mode under the background of argon gas. The time evolution of plasma intensity shows that a homogeneous plasma breaks into several concentric radial spatiotemoral bright and dark rings. These rings propagate radially at considerably low pressure and a constant magnetic field. These patterns are observed to trap small dust particles/grains in their potential. Exploiting this property of the patterns, a novel technique to measure the electric field associated with the patterns is described. The resulting estimates of the corresponding field intensity are presented. At other specific discharge parameters the plasma shows a range of special type of characteristic structures observed in certain other chemical, mechanical and biological systems.
The recent availability of digital traces generated by phone calls and online logins has significantly increased the scientific understanding of human mobility. Until now, however, limited data resolution and coverage have hindered a coherent descrip
tion of human displacements across different spatial and temporal scales. Here, we characterise mobility behaviour across several orders of magnitude by analysing ~850 individuals digital traces sampled every ~16 seconds for 25 months with ~10 meters spatial resolution. We show that the distributions of distances and waiting times between consecutive locations are best described by log-normal distributions and that natural time-scales emerge from the regularity of human mobility. We point out that log-normal distributions also characterise the patterns of discovery of new places, implying that they are not a simple consequence of the routine of modern life.
The propagation mechanisms of plasma streamers have been observed and investigated in a surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) using 2D particle in cell simulations. The investigations are carried out under a simulated air mixture, 80% N$_2$ and
20% O$_2$, at atmospheric pressure, 100$,$kPa, under both DC conditions and a pulsed DC waveform that represent AC conditions. The simulated geometry is a simplification of the symmetric and fully exposed SDBD resulting in the simultaneous ignition of both positive and negative streamers on either side of the Al$_2$O$_3$ dielectric barrier. In order to determine the interactivity of the two streamers, the propagation behavior for the positive and negative streamers are investigated both independently and simultaneously under identical constant voltage conditions. An additional focus is implored under a fast sub nanosecond rise time square voltage pulse alternating between positive and negative voltage conditions, thus providing insight into the dynamics of the streamers under alternating polarity switches. It is shown that the simultaneous ignition of both streamers, as well as using the pulsed DC conditions, provides both an enhanced discharge and an increased surface coverage. It is also shown that additional streamer branching may occur in a cross section that is difficult to experimentally observe. The enhanced discharge and surface coverage may be beneficial to many applications such as, but are not limited to: air purification, volatile organic compound removal, and plasma enhanced catalysis.
We report on the first observation of white-eye pattern in an air dielectric barrier discharge. The patterned discharges undergo a development as following: random spots - quasihexagonal pattern - hexagonal pattern (type I) - hexagonal pattern (type
II) - white-eye pattern - chaos as the voltage is increased. The spatiotemporal characteristics of patterned discharges are investigated by using an optical method. Results show that the two discharge modes, uniform mode and filamentary mode, are actually two different spatial presentations of the same origin: the microdischarge. From the viewpoint of pattern dynamics, the white-eye pattern results from a 3-wave resonance interaction.
سجل دخول لتتمكن من نشر تعليقات
التعليقات
جاري جلب التعليقات
سجل دخول لتتمكن من متابعة معايير البحث التي قمت باختيارها
