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Extended modular group $bar{Pi}=<R,T,U:R^2=T^2=U^3=(RT)^2=(RU)^2=1>$, where $ R:zrightarrow -bar{z}, sim T:zrightarrowfrac{-1}{z},simU:zrightarrowfrac{-1}{z +1} $, has been used to study some properties of the binary quadratic forms whose base points lie in the point set fundamental region $F_{bar{Pi}}$ (See cite{Tekcan1, Flath}). In this paper we look at how base points have been used in the study of equivalent binary quadratic forms, and we prove that two positive definite forms are equivalent if and only if the base point of one form is mapped onto the base point of the other form under the action of the extended modular group and any positive definite integral form can be transformed into the reduced form of the same discriminant under the action of the extended modular group and extend these results for the subset $QQ^*(sqrt{-n})$ of the imaginary quadratic field $QQ(sqrt{-m})$.
We count the finitely generated subgroups of the modular group $textsf{PSL}(2,mathbb{Z})$. More precisely: each such subgroup $H$ can be represented by its Stallings graph $Gamma(H)$, we consider the number of vertices of $Gamma(H)$ to be the size of
We show how to count and randomly generate finitely generated subgroups of the modular group $textsf{PSL}(2,mathbb{Z})$ of a given isomorphism type. We also prove that almost malnormality and non-parabolicity are negligible properties for these subgr
In 1994 S. Bullett and C. Penrose introduced the one complex parameter family of $(2:2)$ holomorphic correspondences $mathcal{F}_a$: $$left(frac{aw-1}{w-1}right)^2+left(frac{aw-1}{w-1}right)left(frac{az+1}{z+1}right) +left(frac{az+1}{z+1}right)^2=3$$
We prove that there exists a homeomorphism $chi$ between the connectedness locus $mathcal{M}_{Gamma}$ for the family $mathcal{F}_a$ of $(2:2)$ holomorphic correspondences introduced by Bullett and Penrose, and the parabolic Mandelbrot set $mathcal{M}
Many papers in the field of integer linear programming (ILP, for short) are devoted to problems of the type $max{c^top x colon A x = b,, x in mathbb{Z}^n_{geq 0}}$, where all the entries of $A,b,c$ are integer, parameterized by the number of rows of