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Synchronization in networks with delayed coupling are ubiquitous in nature and play a key role in almost all fields of science including physics, biology, ecology, climatology and sociology. In general, the published works on network synchronization are based on data analysis and simulations, with little experimental verification. Here we develop and experimentally demonstrate various multi-cluster phase synchronization scenarios within coupled laser networks. Synchronization is controlled by the network connectivity in accordance to number theory, whereby the number of synchronized clusters equals the greatest common divisor of network loops. This dependence enables remote switching mechanisms to control the optical phase coherence among distant lasers by local network connectivity adjustments. Our results serve as a benchmark for a broad range of coupled oscillators in science and technology, and offer feasible routes to achieve multi-user secure protocols in communication networks and parallel distribution of versatile complex combinatorial tasks in optical computers.
We probe the physical mechanism behind the known phenomenon of power synchronization of two diode lasers that are mutually coupled via their delayed optical fields. In a diode laser, the amplitude and the phase of the optical field are coupled by the
A model based on Lambs theory of gas lasers is applied to a He-Ne ring laser gyroscope in order to estimate and remove the laser dynamics contribution from the rotation measurements. The intensities of the counter-propagating laser beams exiting one
It is known that intra-layer adaptive coupling among connected oscillators instigates explosive synchronization (ES) in multilayer networks. Taking an altogether different cue in the present work, we consider inter-layer adaptive coupling in a multip
We show that subsets of interacting oscillators may synchronize in different ways within a single network. This diversity of synchronization patterns is promoted by increasing the heterogeneous distribution of coupling weights and/or asymmetries in s
Inter-layer synchronization is a dynamical state occurring in multi-layer networks composed of identical nodes. The state corresponds to have all layers synchronized, with nodes in each layer which do not necessarily evolve in unison. So far, the stu