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تسجيل مستخدم جديدMeasurements of Cherenkov Photons with Silicon Photomultipliers
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S. Korpar
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A novel photon detector, the Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM), has been tested in proximity focusing Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) counters that were exposed to cosmic-ray particles in Ljubljana, and a 2 GeV electron beam at the KEK research facility. This type of RICH detector is a candidate for the particle identification detector upgrade of the BELLE detector at the KEK B-factory, for which the use of SiPMs, microchannel plate photomultiplier tubes or hybrid avalanche photodetectors, rather than traditional Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) is essential due to the presence of high magnetic fields. In both experiments, SiPMs are found to compare favourably with PMTs, with higher photon detection rates per unit area. Through the use of hemispherical and truncated pyramid light guides to concentrate photons onto the active surface area, the light yield increases significantly. An estimate of the contribution to dark noise from false coincidences between SiPMs in an array is also presented.
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Dark count rate and correlated noise rate are among the main parameters that characterize silicon photomultipliers (SiPM). Typically, these parameters are evaluated by applying approximate formulas, or by fitting specific models, to the measured SiPM
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Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are attractive candidates for light detectors for next generation liquid xenon double-beta decay experiments, like nEXO. In this paper we discuss the requirements that the SiPMs must satisfy in order to be suitable fo
r nEXO and similar experiments, describe the two test setups operated by the nEXO collaboration, and present the results of characterization of SiPMs from several vendors. In particular, we find that the photon detection efficiency at the peak of xenon scintillation light emission (175-178 nm) approaches the nEXO requirements for tested FBK and Hamamatsu devices. Additionally, the nEXO collaboration performed radioassay of several grams of bare FBK devices using neutron activation analysis, indicating levels of 40K, 232Th, and 238U of the order of <0.15, (6.9e10-4 - 1.3e10-2), and <0.11 mBq/kg, respectively.
Reflectance of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) is an important aspect to understand the large scale SiPM-based detector systems and evaluate the performance of SiPMs. We report the reflactance of two SiPMs, NUV-HD-lowCT and S14160-60-50HS manufactur
ed by Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK) and Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK) respectively, in linear alkylbenzene (LAB) and in air at visible wavelengths. Our results show that the reflectance of the FBK SiPM in air varies in the range of 14% to 23% , depending on wavelengths and angle of incidence, which is 2 time larger than that of the HPK device. This indicates that the two manufacturers are using different designs of anti-reflective coating on SiPMs surfaces. The reflectance is reduced by about 10% when SiPMs are immersed in LAB, compared with that measured in air. The profiles of reflected light beams are also measured by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera for the two SiPMs.
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