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We employ electrostatic force microscopy to study the electrostatic environment of graphene sheets prepared with the micro-mechanical exfoliation technique. We detect the electric dipole of residues left from the adhesive tape during graphene preparation, as well as the dipole of water molecules adsorbed on top of graphene. Water molecules form a dipole layer that can generate an electric field as large as 10^9 V/m. We expect that water molecules can significantly modify the electrical properties of graphene devices.
We report a new experimental technique for Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) using the dissipation signal of frequency modulation atomic force microscopy for bias voltage feedback. It features a simple implementation and faster scanning as it requ
We report a Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) implementation using the dissipation signal of a frequency modulation atomic force microscopy that is capable of detecting the gradient of electrostatic force rather than electrostatic force. It featur
While offering unprecedented resolution of atomic and electronic structure, Scanning Probe Microscopy techniques have found greater challenges in providing reliable electrostatic characterization at the same scale. In this work, we introduce Electros
The quantum Hall (QH) effect, a topologically non-trivial quantum phase, expanded and brought into focus the concept of topological order in physics. The topologically protected quantum Hall edge states are of crucial importance to the QH effect but
Epitaxial graphene grown on transition metal surfaces typically exhibits a moire pattern due to the lattice mismatch between graphene and the underlying metal surface. We use both scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM)