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A subset $U$ of a set $S$ with a binary operation is called {it avoidable} if $S$ can be partitioned into two subsets $A$ and $B$ such that no element of $U$ can be written as a product of two distinct elements of $A$ or as the product of two distinct elements of $B$. The avoidable sets of the bicyclic inverse semigroup are classified.
We study algebraic and topological properties of topological semigroups containing a copy of the bicyclic semigroup C(p,q). We prove that each topological semigroup S with pseudocompact square contains no dense copy of C(p,q). On the other hand, we c
In this paper, we study product-free subsets of the free semigroup over a finite alphabet $A$. We prove that the maximum density of a product-free subset of the free semigroup over $A$, with respect to the natural measure that assigns a weight of $|A
We define the notion of $D$-set in an arbitrary semigroup, and with some mild restrictions we establish its dynamical and combinatorial characterizations. Assuming a weak form of cancellation in semigroups we have shown that the Cartesian product of
The concept of energy of a signed digraph is extended to iota energy of a signed digraph. The energy of a signed digraph $S$ is defined by $E(S)=sum_{k=1}^n|text{Re}(z_k)|$, where $text{Re}(z_k)$ is the real part of eigenvalue $z_k$ and $z_k$ is the
The structure of the automorphism group of the sandwich semigroup IS_n is described in terms of standard group constructions.