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Register a new userInformation conservation is fundamental: recovering the lost information in Hawking radiation
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In both classical and quantum world, information cannot appear or disappear. This fundamental principle, however, is questioned for a black hole, by the acclaimed information loss paradox. Based on the conservation laws of energy, charge, and angular momentum, we recently show the total information encoded in the correlations among Hawking radiations equals exactly to the same amount previously considered lost, assuming the non-thermal spectrum of Parikh and Wilczek. Thus the information loss paradox can be falsified through experiments by detecting correlations, for instance, through measuring the covariances of Hawking radiations from black holes, such as the manmade ones speculated to appear in LHC experiments. The affirmation of information conservation in Hawking radiation will shine new light on the unification of gravity with quantum mechanics.
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In 1974 Steven Hawking showed that black holes emit thermal radiation, which eventually causes them to evaporate. The problem of the fate of information in this process is known as the black hole information paradox. It inspired a plethora of theoretical models which, for the most part, assume either a fundamental loss of information or some form of quantum gravity. At variance to the main trends, a conservative approach assuming information retrieval in quantum correlation between Hawking particles was proposed and recently developed within qubit toy-models. Here we leverage modern quantum information to incarnate this idea in a realistic model of quantised radiation. To this end we employ the formalism of quantum Gaussian states together with the continuous-variables version of the quantum marginal problem. Using a rigorous solution to the latter we show that the thermality of all Hawking particles is consistent with a global pure state of the radiation. Surprisingly, we find out that the radiation of an astrophysical black hole can be thermal until the very last particle. In contrast, the thermality of Hawking radiation originating from a microscopic black hole -- which is expected to evaporate through several quanta -- is not excluded, though there are constraints on modes frequencies. Our result support the conservative resolution to the black hole information paradox. Furthermore, it suggests a systematic programme for probing the global state of Hawking radiation.
The full range of activity in a temporal network is captured in its edge activity data -- time series encoding the tie strengths or on-off dynamics of each edge in the network. However, in many practical applications, edge-level data are unavailable, and the network analyses must rely instead on node activity data which aggregates the edge-activity data and thus is less informative. This raises the question: Is it possible to use the static network to recover the richer edge activities from the node activities? Here we show that recovery is possible, often with a surprising degree of accuracy given how much information is lost, and that the recovered data are useful for subsequent network analysis tasks. Recovery is more difficult when network density increases, either topologically or dynamically, but exploiting dynamical and topological sparsity enables effective solutions to the recovery problem. We formally characterize the difficulty of the recovery problem both theoretically and empirically, proving the conditions under which recovery errors can be bounded and showing that, even when these conditions are not met, good quality solutions can still be derived. Effective recovery carries both promise and peril, as it enables deeper scientific study of complex systems but in the context of social systems also raises privacy concerns when social information can be aggregated across multiple data sources.
We derive the Hawking radiation spectrum of anyons, namely particles in (2+1)-dimension obeying fractional statistics, from a BTZ black hole, in the tunneling formalism. We examine ways of measuring the spectrum in experimentally realizable systems in the laboratory.
We review an information-theoretic approach to quantum cosmology, summarising the key results obtained to date, including a suggestion that an accelerating universe will eventually turn around.
We study various derivations of Hawking radiation in conformally rescaled metrics. We focus on two important properties, the location of the horizon under a conformal transformation and its associated temperature. We find that the production of Hawking radiation cannot be associated in all cases to the trapping horizon because its location is not invariant under a conformal transformation. We also find evidence that the temperature of the Hawking radiation should transform simply under a conformal transformation, being invariant for asymptotic observers in the limit that the conformal transformation factor is unity at their location.
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