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Register a new userProbing new physics for $(g-2)_mu$ and gravitational waves
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We study the possibility of probing new physics accounting for $(g-2)_mu$ anomaly and gravitational waves with pulsar timing array measurements. The model we consider is either a light gauge boson or neutral scalar interacting with muons. We show that the parameter spaces of dark $U(1)$ model with kinetic mixing explaining $(g-2)_mu$ anomaly can realize a first-order phase transition, and the yield-produced gravitational wave may address the common red noise observed in the NANOGrav 12.5-yr dataset.
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The direct detection of gravitational waves offers an exciting new window onto our Universe. At the same time, multiple observational evidence and theoretical considerations motivate the presence of physics beyond the Standard Model. In this thesis, we explore new ways of probing particle physics in the era of gravitational-wave astronomy. We focus on the signatures of ultralight bosons on the gravitational waves emitted by binary systems, demonstrating how binary black holes are novel detectors of this class of dark matter. We also discuss probes of other types of new physics through their finite-size imprints on gravitational waveforms, and examine the extent to which current template-bank searches could be used to detect these signals. In the first two chapters of this thesis, we review several aspects of gravitational-wave physics and particle physics at the weak coupling frontier; we hope the reader would find these reviews helpful in delving further into the literature and in their research.
In this paper we analyze the spectrum of the primordial gravitational waves (GWs) predicted in the Standard Model*Axion*Seesaw*Higgs portal inflation (SMASH) model, which was proposed as a minimal extension of the Standard Model that addresses five fundamental problems of particle physics and cosmology (inflation, baryon asymmetry, neutrino masses, strong CP problem, and dark matter) in one stroke. The SMASH model has a unique prediction for the critical temperature of the second order Peccei-Quinn (PQ) phase transition $T_c sim 10^8,mathrm{GeV}$ up to the uncertainty in the calculation of the axion dark matter abundance, implying that there is a drastic change in the equation of state of the universe at that temperature. Such an event is imprinted on the spectrum of GWs originating from the primordial tensor fluctuations during inflation and entering the horizon at $T sim T_c$, which corresponds to $f sim 1,mathrm{Hz}$, pointing to a best frequency range covered by future space-borne GW interferometers. We give a precise estimation of the effective relativistic degrees of freedom across the PQ phase transition and use it to evaluate the spectrum of GWs observed today. It is shown that the future high sensitivity GW experiment -- ultimate DECIGO -- can probe the nontrivial feature resulting from the PQ phase transition in this model.
In frames of agreement to consider the annihilation of electron-positron pair to hadrons cross section to be including the virtual photon polarization effects a new formulation of hadron contribution to muon anomalous magnetic moment is suggested. It consists in using the experimentally observed cross section converted with the known kernels. The lowest order kernel remains to be the same but some modification of radiative corrected kernel is needed. The explicit form of this new kernel is given. We estimate the accuracy of new formulation on the level delta a^{hadr}_mu/a^{hadr}_mu sim 10^{-5}.
Multi-peaked spectra of the primordial gravitational waves are considered as a phenomenologically relevant source of information about the dynamics of sequential phase transitions in the early Universe. In particular, such signatures trace back to specific patterns of the first-order electroweak phase transition in the early Universe occurring in multiple steps. Such phenomena appear to be rather generic in multi-scalar extensions of the Standard Model. In a particularly simple extension of the Higgs sector, we have identified and studied the emergence of sequential long- and short-lasting transitions as well as their fundamental role in generation of multi-peaked structures in the primordial gravitational-wave spectrum. We discuss the potential detectability of these signatures by the proposed gravitational-wave interferometers.
In this paper we offer an explanation of the $(g-2)_mu$ discrepancy in a R-parity conserving supersymmetric model with right-handed neutrinos in which the right-handed sneutrino is a viable dark matter candidate. We find that our scenario satisfies all up to date constraints including the latest results on $(g-2)_{mu}$. Since right-handed sneutrinos are singlets, no new contributions for $delta a_{mu}$ with respect to the next to minimal supersymmetric Standard Model are present. However, the possibility to have the right-handed sneutrino as the lightest supersymmetric particle opens new ways to escape Large Hadron Collider and dark matter constraints. We find that dark matter masses within $10 lesssim m_{tilde{ u}_{R}} lesssim 600$ GeV are fully compatible with current experimental constraints. In addition, future dark matter direct detection experiments will be able to explore a sizable portion of the allowed parameter space with $m_{tilde{ u}_{R}} lesssim 300$ GeV, while indirect detection experiments will be able to probe a much smaller fraction within $200 lesssim m_{tilde{ u}_{R}} lesssim 350$ GeV.
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