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Register a new userSemi-invariants of Binary Forms Pertaining to a Unimodality Theorem of Reiner and Stanton
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The symmetric difference of the $q$-binomial coefficients $F_{n,k}(q)={n+kbrack k}-q^{n}{n+k-2brack k-2}$ was introduced by Reiner and Stanton. They proved that $F_{n,k}(q)$ is symmetric and unimodal for $k geq 2$ and $n$ even by using the representation theory for Lie algebras. Based on Sylvesters proof of the unimodality of the Gaussian coefficients, as conjectured by Cayley, we find an interpretation of the unimodality of $F_{n,k}(q)$ in terms of semi-invariants. In the spirit of the strict unimodality of the Gaussian coefficients due to Pak and Panova, we prove the strict unimodality of the symmetric difference $G_{n,k,r}(q)={n+kbrack k}-q^{nr/2}{n+k-rbrack k-r}$, except for the two terms at both ends, where $n,rgeq8$, $kgeq r$ and at least one of $n$ and $r$ is even.
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We obtain a combinatorial formula related to the shear transformation for semi-invariants of binary forms, which implies the classical characterization of semi-invariants in terms of a differential operator. Then, we present a combinatorial proof of an identity of Hilbert, which leads to a relation of Cayley on semi-invariants. This identity plays a crucial role in the original proof of Sylvesters theorem on semi-invariants in connection with the Gaussian coefficients. Moreover, we show that the additivity lemma of Pak and Panova which yields the strict unimodality of the Gaussian coefficients for $n,k geq 8$ can be deduced from the ring property of semi-invariants.
The symmetric group acts on polynomial differential forms on $mathbb{R}^{n}$ through its action by permuting the coordinates. In this paper the $S_{n}% $-invariants are shown to be freely generated by the elementary symmetric polynomials and their exterior derivatives. A basis of the alternants in the quotient of the ideal generated by the homogeneous invariants of positive degree is given. In addition, the highest bigraded degrees are given for the quotient. All of these results are consistent with predictions derived by Garsia and Romero from a recent conjecture of Zabrocki.
This work lies across three areas (in the title) of investigation that are by themselves of independent interest. A problem that arose in quantum computing led us to a link that tied these areas together. This link consists of a single formal power series with a multifaced interpretation. The deeper exploration of this link yielded results as well as methods for solving some numerical problems in each of these separate areas.
Let alpha = (a,b,...) be a composition. Consider the associated poset F(alpha), called a fence, whose covering relations are x_1 < x_2 < ... < x_{a+1} > x_{a+2} > ... > x_{a+b+1} < x_{a+b+2} < ... . We study the associated distributive lattice L(alpha) consisting of all lower order ideals of F(alpha). These lattices are important in the theory of cluster algebras and their rank generating functions can be used to define q-analogues of rational numbers. In particular, we make progress on a recent conjecture of Morier-Genoud and Ovsienko that L(alpha) is rank unimodal. We show that if one of the parts of alpha is greater than the sum of the others, then the conjecture is true. We conjecture that L(alpha) enjoys the stronger properties of having a nested chain decomposition and having a rank sequence which is either top or bottom interlacing, the latter being a recently defined property of sequences. We verify that these properties hold for compositions with at most three parts and for what we call d-divided posets, generalizing work of Claussen and simplifying a construction of Gansner.
A polynomial $A(q)=sum_{i=0}^n a_iq^i$ is said to be unimodal if $a_0le a_1le cdots le a_kge a_{k+1} ge cdots ge a_n$. We investigate the unimodality of rational $q$-Catalan polynomials, which is defined to be $C_{m,n}(q)= frac{1}{[n+m]} left[ m+n atop nright]$ for a coprime pair of positive integers $(m,n)$. We conjecture that they are unimodal with respect to parity, or equivalently, $(1+q)C_{m+n}(q)$ is unimodal. By using generating functions and the constant term method, we verify our conjecture for $mle 5$ in a straightforward way.
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