No Arabic abstract
We study the photoionization properties of the C_60 versus C_240 molecule in a spherical jellium frame of density functional method. Two different approximations to the exchange-correlation (xc) functional are used: (i) The Gunnerson-Lundqvist parametrization [Phys. Rev. B 13, 4274 (1976)] with an explicit correction for the electron self-interaction (SIC) and (ii) a gradient-dependent augmentation of (i) by using the van Leeuwen and Baerends model potential [Phys. Rev. A 49, 2421 (1994)], in lieu of SIC, to implicitly restore electrons asymptotic properties. Ground state results from the two schemes for both molecules show differences in the shapes of mean-field potentials and bound-level properties. The choice of a xc scheme also significantly alters the dipole single-photoionization cross sections obtained by an abinitio method that incorporates linear-response dynamical correlations. Differences in the structures and ionization responses between C_60 and C_240 uncover the effect of molecular size on the underlying physics. Analysis indicates that the collective plasmon resonances with the gradient-based xc-option produce results noticeably closer to the experimental data available for C_60.
Inter-Coulombic decay (ICD) resonances in the photoionization of Cl@C60 endofullerene molecule are calculated using a perturbative density functional theory (DFT) method. This is the first ICD study of an open shell atom in a fullerene cage. Three classes of resonances are probed: (i) Cl inner vacancies decaying through C60 outer continua, (ii) C60 inner vacancies decaying through Cl outer continua, and (iii) inner vacancies of either system decaying through the continua of Cl-C60 hybrid levels, the hybrid Auger-ICD resonances. Comparisons with Ar@C60 results reveal that the properties of hybrid Auger-ICD resonances are affected by the extent of level hybridization.
We investigate the modeling of positronium (Ps) states and their pick-off annihilation trapped at open volumes pockets in condensed molecular matter. Our starting point is the interacting many-body system of Ps and a He atom because it is the smallest entity that can mimic the energy gap between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals of molecules and yet the the many-body structure of the HePs system can be calculated accurately enough. The exact-diagonalization solution of the HePs system enables us to construct a pair-wise full-correlation single-particle potential for the Ps-He interaction and the total potential in solids is obtained as a superposition of the pair-wise potentials. We study in detail Ps states and their pick-off annihilation rates in voids inside solid He and analyse experimental results for Ps-induced voids in liquid He obtaining the radii of the voids. More importantly, we generalize our conclusions by testing the validity of the Tao-Eldrup model, widely used to analyse ortho-Ps annihilation measurements for voids in molecular matter, against our theoretical results for the solid He. Moreover, we discuss the influence of the partial charges of polar molecules and the strength of the van der Waals interaction on the pick-off annihilation rate.
We demonstrate that the angular distribution of photoelectrons from a strongly polarizable target exposed to a laser field can deviate noticeably from the prediction of conventional theory. Even within the dipole-photon approximation the profile of distribution is modified due to the action of the field of alternating dipole moment induced at the residue by the laser field. This effect, being quite sensitive to the dynamic polarizability of the residue and to its geometry, depends also on the intensity and frequency of the laser field. Numerical results, presented for sodium cluster anions, demonstrate that dramatic changes to the profile occur for the photon energies in vicinities of the plasmon resonances, where the effect is enhanced due to the increase in the residue polarizability. Strong modifications of the characteristics of a single-photon ionization process can be achieved by applying laser fields of comparatively low intensities $I_0 sim10^{10}-10^{11}$ W/cm$^2$.
We demonstrate the capabilities of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) for strong-field, short wavelength (soft X-ray) physics, as compared to a formalism based on rate equations. We find that TDDFT provides a very good description of the total and individual ionization yields for Ne and Ar atoms exposed to strong laser pulses. We assess the reliability of different adiabatic density functionals and conclude that an accurate description of long-range interactions by the exchange and correlation potential is crucial for obtaining the correct ionization yield over a wide range of intensities ($10^{13}$ -- $5 times 10^{15}$ W/cm$^2$). Our TDDFT calculations disentangle the contribution from each ionization channel based on the Kohn-Sham wavefunctions.
Molecular absorption and photo-electron spectra can be efficiently predicted with real-time time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT). We show here how these techniques can be easily extended to study time-resolved pump-probe experiments in which a system response (absorption or electron emission) to a probe pulse, is measured in an excited state. This simulation tool helps to interpret the fast evolving attosecond time-resolved spectroscopic experiments, where the electronic motion must be followed at its natural time-scale. We show how the extra degrees of freedom (pump pulse duration, intensity, frequency, and time-delay), which are absent in a conventional steady state experiment, provide additional information about electronic structure and dynamics that improve a system characterization. As an extension of this approach, time-dependent 2D spectroscopies can also be simulated, in principle, for large-scale structures and extended systems.