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Register a new userComputing with quasiseparable matrices
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Added by
Clement Pernet
Publication date
2016
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
Authors
Clement Pernet
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The class of quasiseparable matrices is defined by a pair of bounds, called the quasiseparable orders, on the ranks of the maximal sub-matrices entirely located in their strictly lower and upper triangular parts. These arise naturally in applications, as e.g. the inverse of band matrices, and are widely used for they admit structured representations allowing to compute with them in time linear in the dimension and quadratic with the quasiseparable order. We show, in this paper, the connection between the notion of quasisepa-rability and the rank profile matrix invariant, presented in [Dumas & al. ISSAC15]. This allows us to propose an algorithm computing the quasiseparable orders (rL, rU) in time O(n^2 s^($omega$--2)) where s = max(rL, rU) and $omega$ the exponent of matrix multiplication. We then present two new structured representations, a binary tree of PLUQ decompositions, and the Bruhat generator, using respectively O(ns log n/s) and O(ns) field elements instead of O(ns^2) for the previously known generators. We present algorithms computing these representations in time O(n^2 s^($omega$--2)). These representations allow a matrix-vector product in time linear in the size of their representation. Lastly we show how to multiply two such structured matrices in time O(n^2 s^($omega$--2)).
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The class of quasiseparable matrices is defined by the property that any submatrix entirely below or above the main diagonal has small rank, namely below a bound called the order of quasiseparability. These matrices arise naturally in solving PDEs for particle interaction with the Fast Multi-pole Method (FMM), or computing generalized eigenvalues. From these application fields, structured representations and algorithms have been designed in numerical linear algebra to compute with these matrices in time linear in the matrix dimension and either quadratic or cubic in the quasiseparability order. Motivated by the design of the general purpose exact linear algebra library LinBox, and by algorithmic applications in algebraic computing, we adapt existing techniques introduce novel ones to use quasiseparable matrices in exact linear algebra, where sub-cubic matrix arithmetic is available. In particular, we will show, the connection between the notion of quasiseparability and the rank profile matrix invariant, that we have introduced in 2015. It results in two new structured representations, one being a simpler variation on the hierarchically semiseparable storage, and the second one exploiting the generalized Bruhat decomposition. As a consequence, most basic operations, such as computing the quasiseparability orders, applying a vector, a block vector, multiplying two quasiseparable matrices together, inverting a quasiseparable matrix, can be at least as fast and often faster than previous existing algorithms.
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The row (resp. column) rank profile of a matrix describes the staircase shape of its row (resp. column) echelon form. In an ISSAC13 paper, we proposed a recursive Gaussian elimination that can compute simultaneously the row and column rank profiles of a matrix as well as those of all of its leading sub-matrices, in the same time as state of the art Gaussian elimination algorithms. Here we first study the conditions making a Gaus-sian elimination algorithm reveal this information. Therefore, we propose the definition of a new matrix invariant, the rank profile matrix, summarizing all information on the row and column rank profiles of all the leading sub-matrices. We also explore the conditions for a Gaussian elimination algorithm to compute all or part of this invariant, through the corresponding PLUQ decomposition. As a consequence, we show that the classical iterative CUP decomposition algorithm can actually be adapted to compute the rank profile matrix. Used, in a Crout variant, as a base-case to our ISSAC13 implementation, it delivers a significant improvement in efficiency. Second, the row (resp. column) echelon form of a matrix are usually computed via different dedicated triangular decompositions. We show here that, from some PLUQ decompositions, it is possible to recover the row and column echelon forms of a matrix and of any of its leading sub-matrices thanks to an elementary post-processing algorithm.
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