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Register a new userSuperconducting gap evolution in overdoped BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$ single crystals through nanocalorimetry
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We report on specific heat measurements on clean overdoped $mathrm{BaFe_{2}(As_{1-x}P_x)_2}$ single crystals performed with a high resolution membrane-based nanocalorimeter. A nonzero residual electronic specific heat coefficient at zero temperature $gamma_mathrm{r}={C/T}|_{T to 0}$ is seen for all doping compositions, indicating a considerable fraction of the Fermi surface ungapped or having very deep minima. The remaining superconducting electronic specific heat is analyzed through a two-band s-wave $alpha$ model in order to investigate the gap structure. Close to optimal doping we detect a single zero-temperature gap of $Delta_0 sim 5.3,mathrm{meV}$, corresponding to $Delta_0 / k_mathrm{B} T_mathrm{c} sim 2.2$. Increasing the phosphorus concentration $x$, the main gap reduces till a value of $Delta_0 sim 1.9,mathrm{meV}$ for $x = 0.55$ and a second weaker gap becomes evident. From the magnetic field effect on $gamma_mathrm{r}$, all samples however show similar behavior [$gamma_mathrm{r}(H) - gamma_mathrm{r}(H=0) propto H^n$, with $n$ between 0.6 and 0.7]. This indicates that, despite a considerable redistribution of the gap weights, the total degree of gap anisotropy does not change drastically with doping.
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We examine theoretically the superconducting state of BaFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$, an isovalent doping 122 iron pnictide superconductor. We construct a three dimensional ten orbital model from first principles band calculation, and investigate the superconducting gap within the spin fluctuation mediated pairing mechanism. The gap is basically $spm$, where the gap changes its sign between electron and hole Fermi surfaces, but three dimensional nodal structures appear in the largely warped hole Fermi surface having strong $Z^2/XZ/YZ$ orbital character. The present result, together with our previous study on 1111 systems, explains the strong material dependence of the superconducting gap in the iron pnictides.
We investigate the electronic specific heat of overdoped BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$ single crystals in the superconducting state using high-resolution nanocalorimetry. From the measurements, we extract the doping dependence of the condensation energy, superconducting gap $Delta$, and related microscopic parameters. We find that the anomalous scaling of the specific heat jump $Delta C propto T_{mathrm{c}}^3$, found in many iron-based superconductors, in this system originates from a $T_mathrm{c}$-dependent ratio $Delta/k_mathrm{B}T_mathrm{c}$ in combination with a doping-dependent density of states $N(varepsilon_mathrm{F})$. A clear enhancement is seen in the effective mass $m^{*}$ as the composition approaches the value that has been associated with a quantum critical point at optimum doping. However, a simultaneous increase in the superconducting carrier concentration $n_mathrm{s}$ maintains the superfluid density, yielding an apparent penetration depth $lambda$ that decreases with increasing $T_mathrm{c}$ without sharp divergence at the quantum critical point. Uemura scaling indicates that $T_mathrm{c}$ is governed by the Fermi temperature $T_mathrm{F}$ for this multi-band system.
We investigate the in-plane anisotropy of Fe 3d orbitals occurring in a wide temperature and composition range of BaFe2(As1-xPx)2 system. By employing the angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, the lifting of degeneracy in dxz and dyz orbitals at the Brillouin zone corners can be obtained as a measure of the orbital anisotropy. In the underdoped regime, it starts to evolve on cooling from high temperatures above both antiferromagnetic and orthorhombic transitions. With increasing x, it well survives into the superconducting regime, but gradually gets suppressed and finally disappears around the non-superconducting transition (x = 0.7). The observed spontaneous in-plane orbital anisotropy, possibly coupled with anisotropic lattice and magnetic fluctuations, implies the rotational-symmetry broken electronic state working as the stage for the superconductivity in BaFe2(As1-xPx)2.
In many classes of unconventional superconductors, the question of whether the superconductivity is enhanced by the quantum-critical fluctuations on the verge of an ordered phase remains elusive. One of the most direct ways of addressing this issue is to investigate how the superconducting dome traces a shift of the ordered phase. Here, we study how the phase diagram of the iron-based superconductor BaFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$ changes with disorder via electron irradiation, which keeps the carrier concentrations intact. With increasing disorder, we find that the magneto-structural transition is suppressed, indicating that the critical concentration is shifted to the lower side. Although the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$ is depressed at high concentrations ($xgtrsim$0.28), it shows an initial increase at lower $x$. This implies that the superconducting dome tracks the shift of the antiferromagnetic phase, supporting the view of the crucial role played by quantum-critical fluctuations in enhancing superconductivity in this iron-based high-$T_c$ family.
Temperature and fluence dependence of the 1.55-eV optical transient reflectivity in BaFe$_{2}$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x}$)$_{2}$ was measured and analysed in the low and high excitation density limit. The effective magnitude of the superconducting gap of $sim 5$ meV obtained from the low-fluence-data bottleneck model fit is consistent with the ARPES results for the $gamma$-hole Fermi surface. The superconducting-state nonthermal optical destruction energy was determined from the fluence dependent data. The in-plane optical destruction energy scales well with T$_{mathrm{c}}^{2}$ and is found to be similar in a number of different layered superconductors.
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