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Added by
Ivan Dokmanic
Publication date
2014
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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We present the concept of an acoustic rake receiver---a microphone beamformer that uses echoes to improve the noise and interference suppression. The rake idea is well-known in wireless communications; it involves constructively combining different multipath components that arrive at the receiver antennas. Unlike spread-spectrum signals used in wireless communications, speech signals are not orthogonal to their shifts. Therefore, we focus on the spatial structure, rather than temporal. Instead of explicitly estimating the channel, we create correspondences between early echoes in time and image sources in space. These multiple sources of the desired and the interfering signal offer additional spatial diversity that we can exploit in the beamformer design. We present several intuitive and optimal formulations of acoustic rake receivers, and show theoretically and numerically that the rake formulation of the maximum signal-to-interference-and-noise beamformer offers significant performance boosts in terms of noise and interference suppression. Beyond signal-to-noise ratio, we observe gains in terms of the emph{perceptual evaluation of speech quality} (PESQ) metric for the speech quality. We accompany the paper by the complete simulation and processing chain written in Python. The code and the sound samples are available online at url{http://lcav.github.io/AcousticRakeReceiver/}.
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While recent progresses in neural network approaches to single-channel speech separation, or more generally the cocktail party problem, achieved significant improvement, their performance for complex mixtures is still not satisfactory. In this work, we propose a novel multi-channel framework for multi-talker separation. In the proposed model, an input multi-channel mixture signal is firstly converted to a set of beamformed signals using fixed beam patterns. For this beamforming, we propose to use differential beamformers as they are more suitable for speech separation. Then each beamformed signal is fed into a single-channel anchored deep attractor network to generate separated signals. And the final separation is acquired by post selecting the separating output for each beams. To evaluate the proposed system, we create a challenging dataset comprising mixtures of 2, 3 or 4 speakers. Our results show that the proposed system largely improves the state of the art in speech separation, achieving 11.5 dB, 11.76 dB and 11.02 dB average signal-to-distortion ratio improvement for 4, 3 and 2 overlapped speaker mixtures, which is comparable to the performance of a minimum variance distortionless response beamformer that uses oracle location, source, and noise information. We also run speech recognition with a clean trained acoustic model on the separated speech, achieving relative word error rate (WER) reduction of 45.76%, 59.40% and 62.80% on fully overlapped speech of 4, 3 and 2 speakers, respectively. With a far talk acoustic model, the WER is further reduced.
We consider the problem of decorrelating states of coupled quantum systems. The decorrelation can be seen as separation of quantum signals, in analogy to the classical problem of signal-separation rising in the so-called cocktail-party context. The separation of signals cannot be achieved perfectly, and we analyse the optimal decorrelation map in terms of added noise in the local separated states. Analytical results can be obtained both in the case of two-level quantum systems and for Gaussian states of harmonic oscillators.
We present a joint audio-visual model for isolating a single speech signal from a mixture of sounds such as other speakers and background noise. Solving this task using only audio as input is extremely challenging and does not provide an association of the separated speech signals with speakers in the video. In this paper, we present a deep network-based model that incorporates both visual and auditory signals to solve this task. The visual features are used to focus the audio on desired speakers in a scene and to improve the speech separation quality. To train our joint audio-visual model, we introduce AVSpeech, a new dataset comprised of thousands of hours of video segments from the Web. We demonstrate the applicability of our method to classic speech separation tasks, as well as real-world scenarios involving heated interviews, noisy bars, and screaming children, only requiring the user to specify the face of the person in the video whose speech they want to isolate. Our method shows clear advantage over state-of-the-art audio-only speech separation in cases of mixed speech. In addition, our model, which is speaker-independent (trained once, applicable to any speaker), produces better results than recent audio-visual speech separation methods that are speaker-dependent (require training a separate model for each speaker of interest).
Zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge (zkSNARK) allows a party, known as the prover, to convince another party, known as the verifier, that he knows a private value $v$, without revealing it, such that $F(u,v)=y$ for some function $F$ and public values $u$ and $y$. There are vario
Elaborate protocols in Secure Multi-party Computation enable several participants to compute a public function of their own private inputs while ensuring that no undesired information leaks about the private inputs, and without resorting to any trusted third party. However, the public output of the computation inevitably leaks some information about the private inputs. Recent works have introduced a framework and proposed some techniques for quantifying such information flow. Yet, owing to their complexity, those methods do not scale to practical situations that may involve large input spaces. The main contribution of the work reported here is to formally investigate the information flow captured by the min-entropy in the particular case of secure three-party computations of affine functions in order to make its quantification scalable to realistic scenarios. To this end, we mathematically derive an explicit formula for this entropy under uniform prior beliefs about the inputs. We show that this closed-form expression can be computed in time constant in the inputs sizes and logarithmic in the coefficients of the affine function. Finally, we formulate some theoretical bounds for this privacy leak in the presence of non-uniform prior beliefs.
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