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Register a new userElliptic Flow from Non-equilibrium Initial Condition with a Saturation Scale
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A current goal of relativistic heavy ion collisions experiments is the search for a Color Glass Condensate as the limiting state of QCD matter at very high density. In viscous hydrodynamics simulations, a standard Glauber initial condition leads to estimate $4pi eta/s sim 1$, while a Color Glass Condensate modeling leads to at least a factor of 2 larger $eta/s$. Within a kinetic theory approach based on a relativistic Boltzmann-like transport simulation, we point out that the out-of-equilibrium initial distribution proper of a Color Glass Condensate reduces the efficiency in building-up the elliptic flow. Our main result at RHIC energy is that the available data on $v_2$ are in agreement with a $4pi eta/s sim 1$ also for Color Glass Condensate initial conditions, opening the possibility to describe self-consistently also higher order flow, otherwise significantly underestimated, and to pursue further the search for signatures of the Color Glass Condensate.
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Within an advanced Langevin-hydrodynamics framework coupled to a hybrid fragmentation-coalescence hadronization model, we study heavy flavor quenching and flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We investigate how the initial heavy quark spectrum, the energy loss and hadronization mechanisms of heavy quarks in medium, the evolution profile of pre-equilibrium stage, the flow of medium and the temperature dependence of heavy quark diffusion coefficient influence the suppression and elliptic flow of heavy mesons at RHIC and the LHC. Our result shows that different modeling of initial conditions, pre-equilibrium evolution and in-medium interaction can individually yield about 10-40% uncertainties in D meson suppression and flow at low transverse momentum. We also find that a proper combination of collisional versus radiative energy loss, coalescence versus fragmentation in hadronization, and the inclusion of medium flow are the most important factors for describing the suppression and elliptic flow of heavy mesons.
Predictions are made for elliptic flow in collisions of polarized deuterons with a heavy nucleus. It is shown that the eccentricity of the initial fireball, evaluated with respect to the deuteron polarization axis perpendicular to the beam direction, has a substantial magnitude for collisions of highest multiplicity. Within the Glauber approach we obtain $sim 7%$ for the deuteron states with spin projection 0, and $sim -3 %$ for spin projection $pm 1$. We propose to measure the elliptic flow coefficient as the second order harmonic coefficient in the azimuthal distribution of produced charged hadrons with respect to the fixed polarization axis. Collective expansion yields a value of the order of $1%$ for this quantity, as compared to zero in the absence of polarization and/or collectivity. Such a vivid rotational symmetry breaking could be measured with the current experimental accuracy of the relativistic heavy-ion experiments. The effect has a fundamental significance for understanding the nature of dynamics in small systems, as its experimental confirmation would prove the presence of the shape-flow transmutation mechanism, typical of hydrodynamic expansion or rescattering in the later stages of the fireball evolution.
We resolve the long-standing open question of how the transport model AMPT manages to generate sufficiently high elliptic flow (v2) in A+A reactions with only few-millibarn 2->2 partonic cross sections - in apparent contradiction with an early study by Molnar and Gyulassy. Through detailed comparisons with the covariant Molnars Parton Cascade (MPC), we pinpoint which features of initial conditions, interactions, and dynamics encoded in the partonic stage of AMPT allow it to circumvent the opacity puzzle at RHIC.
In heavy ion collisions, elliptic flow $v_2$ and radial flow, characterized by event-wise average transverse momentum $[p_{mathrm{T}}]$, are related to the shape and size of the overlap region, which are sensitive to the shape of colliding atomic nuclei. The Pearson correlation coefficient between $v_2$ and $[p_{mathrm{T}}]$, $rho_2$, was found to be particularly sensitive to the quadrupole deformation parameter $beta$ that is traditionally measured in low energy experiments. Built on earlier insight that the prolate deformation $beta>0$ reduces the $rho_2$ in ultra-central collisions (UCC), we show that the prolate deformation $beta<0$ enhances the value of $rho_2$. As $beta>0$ and $beta<0$ are the two extremes of triaxiality, the strength and sign of $v_2^2-[p_{mathrm{T}}]$ correlation can be used to provide valuable information on the triaxiality of the nucleus. Our study provide further arguments for using the hydrodynamic flow as a precision tool to directly image the deformation of the atomic nuclei at extremely short time scale ($<10^{-24}$s).
Data from the Large Hadron Collider on elliptic flow correlations at low and high $p_T$ from Pb+Pb collisions at $sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02$~TeV are analyzed and interpreted in the framework of the HYDJET++ model. This model allows us to describe simultaneously the region of both low and high transverse momenta and, therefore, to reproduce the experimentally observed nontrivial centrality dependence of elliptic flow correlations. The origin of the correlations between low and high-$p_T$ flow components in peripheral lead-lead collisions is traced to correlations of particles in jets.
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