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This paper presents algebraic methods for the study of polynomial relative invariants, when the group G formed by the symmetries and relative symmetries is a compact Lie group. We deal with the case when the subgroup H of symmetries is normal in G with index m, m greater or equal to 2. For this, we develop the invariant theory of compact Lie groups acting on complex vector spaces. This is the starting point for the study of relative invariants and the computation of their generators. We first obtain the space of the invariants under the subgroup $H$ of $Gamma$ as a direct sum of $m$ submodules over the ring of invariants under the whole group. Then, based on this decomposition, we construct a Hilbert basis of the ring of G-invariants from a Hilbert basis of the ring of H-invariants. In both results the knowledge of the relative Reynolds operators defined on H-invariants is shown to be an essential tool to obtain the invariants under the whole group. The theory is illustrated with some examples.
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In this work we obtain the general form of polynomial mappings that commute with a linear action of a relative symmetry group. The aim is to give results for relative equivariant polynomials that correspond to the results for relative invariants obtained in a previous paper [P.H. Baptistelli, M. Manoel (2013) Invariants and relative invariants under compact Lie groups, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 217, 2213{2220]. We present an algorithm to compute generators for relative equivariant submodules from the invariant theory applied to the subgroup formed only by the symmetries. The same method provides, as a particular case, generators for equivariants under the whole group from the knowledge of equivariant generators by a smaller subgroup, which is normal of finite index.
In this thesis new objects to the existing set of invariants of Lie algebras are added. These invariant characteristics are capable of describing the nilpotent parametric continuum of Lie algebras. The properties of these invariants, in view of possible alternative classifications of Lie algebras, are formulated and their behaviour on known lower--dimensional Lie algebras investigated. It is demonstrated that these invariants, in view of their application on graded contractions of sl(3,C), are also effective in higher dimensions. A necessary contraction criterion involving these invariants is derived and applied to lower--dimensional cases. Possible application of these invariant characteristics to Jordan algebras is investigated.
Triangular Lie algebras are the Lie algebras which can be faithfully represented by triangular matrices of any finite size over the real/complex number field. In the paper invariants (generalized Casimir operators) are found for three classes of Lie algebras, namely those which are either strictly or non-strictly triangular, and for so-called special upper triangular Lie algebras. Algebraic algorithm of [J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 2006, V.39, 5749; math-ph/0602046], developed further in [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor., 2007, V.40, 113; math-ph/0606045], is used to determine the invariants. A conjecture of [J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 2001, V.34, 9085], concerning the number of independent invariants and their form, is corroborated.
A connected, locally finite graph $Gamma$ is a Cayley--Abels graph for a totally disconnected, locally compact group $G$ if $G$ acts vertex-transitively with compact, open vertex stabilizers on $Gamma$. Define the minimal degree of $G$ as the minimal degree of a Cayley--Abels graph of $G$. We relate the minimal degree in various ways to the modular function, the scale function and the structure of compact open subgroups. As an application, we prove that if $T_d$ denotes the $d$-regular tree, then the minimal degree of ${rm Aut}(T_d)$ is $d$ for all $dgeq 2$.
We construct ternary self-distributive (TSD) objects from compositions of binary Lie algebras, $3$-Lie algebras and, in particular, ternary Nambu-Lie algebras. We show that the structures obtained satisfy an invertibility property resembling that of racks. We prove that these structures give rise to Yang-Baxter operators in the tensor product of the base vector space and, upon defining suitable twisting isomorphisms, we obtain representations of the infinite (framed) braid group. We use these results to construct invariants of (framed) links. We consider examples for low-dimensional Lie algebras, where the ternary bracket is defined by composition of the binary ones, along with simple $3$-Lie algebras, and their applications to some classes of links.
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