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Register a new userHadron production in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions and the QCD phase boundary
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P. Braun-Munzinger
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We update briefly our understanding of hadron production in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions in terms of statistical models with emphasis on the relation of the data to the QCD phase boundary and on a puzzle in the beam energy dependence.
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In nucleus-nucleus collisions at ultra-relativistic energies matter is formed with initial energy density significantly exceeding the critical energy density for the transition from hadronic to partonic matter. We will review the experimental evidence for this new form of matter - the Quark-Gluon Plasma - from recent experiments at the SPS and RHIC with emphasis on collective behavior, thermalization, and its opacity for fast partons. We will further show that one can determine from the data a fundamental QCD parameter, the critical temperature for the QCD phase transition.
We summarize our current understanding of the connection between the QCD phase line and the chemical freeze-out curve as deduced from thermal analyses of yields of particles produced in central collisions between relativistic nuclei.
We present phi-meson transverse momentum distribution as well as its elliptic flow (v_{2}) measurements in Au + Au collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7, 11.5 and 39 GeV with the data taken from STAR experiment at RHIC in the year 2010. We discuss the energy dependence of phi-meson elliptic flow (v_{2}) and central-to-peripheral nuclear modification factors (R_{CP}). The v_{2} of phi-mesons are compared to those from other hadron species. The implications on partonic-hadronic phase transition are discussed.
The evolution of the system created in a high energy nuclear collision is very sensitive to the fluctuations in the initial geometry of the system. In this letter we show how one can utilize these large fluctuations to select events corresponding to a specific initial shape. Such an event shape engineering opens many new possibilities in quantitative test of the theory of high energy nuclear collisions and understanding the properties of high density hot QCD matter.
After a brief review of the various scenarios for quarkonium production in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions we focus on the ingredients and assumptions underlying the statistical hadronization model. We then confront model predictions for J/$psi$ phase space distributions with the most recent data from the RHIC accelerator. Analysis of the rapidity dependence of the J/$psi$ nuclear modification factor yields first evidence for the production of J/$psi$ mesons at the phase boundary. We conclude with predictions for charmonium production at the LHC.
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