No Arabic abstract
Let $V$ be a set of cardinality $v$ (possibly infinite). Two graphs $G$ and $G$ with vertex set $V$ are {it isomorphic up to complementation} if $G$ is isomorphic to $G$ or to the complement $bar G$ of $G$. Let $k$ be a non-negative integer, $G$ and $G$ are {it $k$-hypomorphic up to complementation} if for every $k$-element subset $K$ of $V$, the induced subgraphs $G_{restriction K}$ and $G_{restriction K}$ are isomorphic up to complementation. A graph $G$ is {it $k$-reconstructible up to complementation} if every graph $G$ which is $k$-hypomorphic to $G$ up to complementation is in fact isomorphic to $G$ up to complementation. We give a partial characterisation of the set $mathcal S$ of pairs $(n,k)$ such that two graphs $G$ and $G$ on the same set of $n$ vertices are equal up to complementation whenever they are $k$-hypomorphic up to complementation. We prove in particular that $mathcal S$ contains all pairs $(n,k)$ such that $4leq kleq n-4$. We also prove that 4 is the least integer $k$ such that every graph $G$ having a large number $n$ of vertices is $k$-reconstructible up to complementation; this answers a question raised by P. Ille
Inspired by applications of perfect graphs in combinatorial optimization, Chv{a}tal defined t-perfect graphs in 1970s. The long efforts of characterizing t-perfect graphs started immediately, but embarrassingly, even a working conjecture on it is still missing after nearly 50 years. Unlike perfect graphs, t-perfect graphs are not closed under substitution or complementation. A full characterization of t-perfection with respect to substitution has been obtained by Benchetrit in his Ph.D. thesis. Through the present work we attempt to understand t-perfection with respect to complementation. In particular, we show that there are only five pairs of graphs such that both the graphs and their complements are minimally t-imperfect.
The blow-up lemma states that a system of super-regular pairs contains all bounded degree spanning graphs as subgraphs that embed into a corresponding system of complete pairs. This lemma has far-reaching applications in extremal combinatorics. We prove sparse analogues of the blow-up lemma for subgraphs of random and of pseudorandom graphs. Our main results are the following three spar
An algorithm is presented for generating finite modular, semimodular, graded, and geometric lattices up to isomorphism. Isomorphic copies are avoided using a combination of the general-purpose graph-isomorphism tool nauty and some optimizations that handle simple cases directly. For modular and semimodular lattices, the algorithm prunes the search tree much earlier than the method of Jipsen and Lawless, leading to a speedup of several orders of magnitude. With this new algorithm modular lattices are counted up to 30 elements, semimodular lattices up to 25 elements, graded lattices up to 21 elements, and geometric lattices up to 34 elements. Some statistics are also provided on the typical shape of small lattices of these types.
The rank of a graph is defined to be the rank of its adjacency matrix. A graph is called reduced if it has no isolated vertices and no two vertices with the same set of neighbors. A reduced graph $G$ is said to be maximal if any reduced graph containing $G$ as a proper induced subgraph has a higher rank. The main intent of this paper is to present some results on maximal graphs. First, we introduce a characterization of maximal trees (a reduced tree is a maximal tree if it is not a proper subtree of a reduced tree with the same rank). Next, we give a near-complete characterization of maximal `generalized friendship graphs. Finally, we present an enumeration of all maximal graphs with ranks $8$ and $9$. The ranks up to $7$ were already done by Lepovic (1990), Ellingham (1993), and Lazic (2010).
Complementation of Buchi automata has been studied for over five decades since the formalism was introduced in 1960. Known complementation constructions can be classified into Ramsey-based, determinization-based, rank-based, and slice-based approaches. Regarding the performance of these approaches, there have been several complexity analyses but very few experimental results. What especially lacks is a comparative experiment on all of the four approaches to see how they perform in practice. In this paper, we review the four approaches, propose several optimization heuristics, and perform comparative experimentation on four representative constructions that are considered the most efficient in each approach. The experimental results show that (1) the determinization-based Safra-Piterman construction outperforms the other three in producing smaller complements and finishing more tasks in the allocated time and (2) the proposed heuristics substantially improve the Safra-Piterman and the slice-based constructions.