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Register a new userTesting Time-Reversal: Lambda_b Decays into Polarized Resonances
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Z. J. Ajaltouni
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Weak decays of beauty baryons like Lambda_b into Lambda V(J^P=1^-), where the produced resonances are polarized, offer interesting opportunity to perform tests of Time-Reversal Invariance. This paper emphasizes the particular role of the resonance polarization-vectors and their physical properties by symmetry transformations. In particular, it is shown that the normal component of a polarization-vector, as defined in the Jacksons frame, is Lorentz invariant and could get large values, notably in the case of J/psi production.
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In this letter, an overview is given for interesting tests of both CP and Time Reversal symmetries with the beauty baryon $Lambda_b $. Extensive use of the helicity formalism and HQET is done for all calculations. Then, emphasis is put on sophisticated methods like analysis of resonance polarizations and particular angle distributions which can exhibit a clear signal of TR violation.
A complete study of the angular distributions of the processes, $Lambda_b to {Lambda} V(1^-)$, with $Lambda to p {pi}^-$ and $V (J/{Psi}) to {ell}^+ {ell}^-$ or $V ({rho}^0,omega) to {pi}^+ {pi}^-,$ is performed. Emphasis is put on the initial $Lambda_b$ polarization produced in the proton-proton collisions. The polarization density-matrices as well as angular distributions are derived and help to construct T-odd observables which allow us to perform tests of both Time-Reversal and CP violation.
BaBar collaboration announced that they observed time reversal (T) asymmetry through $B$ meson system. In the experiment, time dependencies of two distinctive processes, $B_- rightarrow bar{B^0}$ and $bar{B^0}rightarrow B_-$($-$ expresses CP value) are compared with each other. In our study, we examine event number difference of these two processes. In contrast to the BaBar asymmetry, the asymmetry of events number includes the overall normalization difference for rates. Time dependence of the asymmetry is more general and it includes terms absent in one used by BaBar collaboration. Both of the BaBar asymmetry and ours are naively thought to be T-odd since two processes compared are related with flipping time direction. We investigate the time reversal transformation property of our asymmetry. Using our notation, one can see that the asymmetry is not precisely a T-odd quantity, taking into account indirect CP and CPT violation of K meson systems. The effect of $epsilon_K$ is extracted and gives rise to $mathcal{O}(10^{-3})$ contribution. The introduced parameters are invariant under rephasing of quarks so that the coefficients of our asymmetry are expressed as phase convention independent quantities. Some combinations of the asymmetry enable us to extract parameters for wrong sign decays of $B_d$ meson, CPT violation, etc. We also study the reason why the T-even terms are allowed to contribute to the asymmetry, and find that several conditions are needed for the asymmetry to be a T-odd quantity.
We give a general parameterization of the Lambda_b --> Lambda(1520) gamma decay amplitude, applicable to any strange isosinglet spin-3/2 baryon, and calculate the branching fraction and helicity amplitudes. Large-energy form factor relations are worked out, and it is shown that the helicity-3/2 amplitudes vanish at lowest order in soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). The suppression can be tested experimentally at the LHC and elsewhere, thus providing a benchmark for SCET. We apply the results to assess the experimental reach for a possible wrong-helicity b --> s gamma dipole coupling in Lambda_b --> Lambda(1520) gamma --> p K gamma decays. Furthermore we revisit Lambda_b-polarization at hadron colliders and update the prediction from heavy-quark effective theory. Opportunities associated with b --> d gamma afforded by high-statistics Lambda_b samples are briefly discussed in the general context of CP and flavour violation.
Lepton flavour violation (LFV) naturally occurs in many new physics models, specifically in those explaining the $B$ anomalies. While LFV has already been studied for mesonic decays, it is important to consider also baryonic decays mediated by the same quark transition. In this paper, we study LFV in the baryonic $Lambda_b to Lambda ell_1 ell_2$ using for the first time a full basis of New Physics operators. We present expected bounds on the branching ratio in a model-independent framework and using two specific new physics models. Finally, we point out the interplay and orthogonality between the baryonic and mesonic LFV searches.
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