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Register a new userMeasurements of New Physics in B -> pi pi Decays
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If new physics (NP) is present in B -> pi pi decays, it can affect the isospin I=2 or I=0 channels. In this paper, we discuss various methods for detecting and measuring this NP. The techniques have increasing amounts of theoretical hadronic input. If NP is eventually detected in B -> pi pi -- there is no evidence for it at present -- one will be able to distinguish I=2 and I=0, and measure its parameters, using these methods.
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We summarize a recent strategy for a global analysis of the B -> pi pi, pi K systems and rare decays. We find that the present B -> pi pi and B -> pi K data cannot be simultaneously described in the Standard Model. In a simple extension in which new physics enters dominantly through Z^0 penguins with a CP-violating phase, only certain B -> pi K modes are affected by new physics. The B -> pi pi data can then be described entirely within the Standard Model but with values of hadronic parameters that reflect large non-factorizable contributions. Using the SU(3) flavour symmetry and plausible dynamical assumptions, we can then use the B -> pi pi decays to fix the hadronic part of the B -> pi K system and make predictions for various observables in the B_d -> pi^-+ K^+- and B^+- -> pi^+- K decays that are practically unaffected by electroweak penguins. The data on the B^+- -> pi^0 K^+- and B_d -> pi^0 K modes allow us then to determine the electroweak penguin component which differs from the Standard Model one, in particular through a large additional CP-violating phase. The implications for rare K and B decays are spectacular. In particular, the rate for K_L -> pi^0 nu bar nu is enhanced by one order of magnitude, the branching ratios for B_{d,s} -> mu^+ mu^- by a factor of five, and BR(K_L -> pi^0 e^+ e^-, pi^0 mu^+ mu^-) by factors of three.
We propose a method to quantify the Standard Model uncertainty in B to K pi decays using the experimental data, assuming that power counting provides a reasonable estimate of the subleading terms in the 1/mb expansion. Using this method, we show that present B to K pi data are compatible with the Standard Model. We analyze the pattern of subleading terms required to reproduce the B to K pi data and argue that anomalously large subleading terms are not needed. Finally, we find that S(KS pi0) is fairly insensitive to hadronic uncertainties and obtain the Standard Model estimate S(KS pi0)=0.74 +- 0.04.
We analyze the $5sigma$ difference between the CP asymmetries of the $B^0 to K^+ pi^-$ and $B^+ to K^+ pi^0$ decays within the Soft Collinear Effective Theory. We find that in the Standard Model, such a big difference cannot be achieved. We classify then the requirements for the possible New Physics models, which can be responsible for the experimental results. As an example of a New Physics model we study minimal supersymmetric models, and find that the measured asymmetry can be obtained with non-minimal flavor violation.
It is well known that one can use B -> pi pi decays to probe the CP-violating phase alpha. In this paper we show that these same decays can be used to search for new physics. This is done by comparing two weak phases which are equal in the standard model: the phase of the t-quark contribution to the b -> d penguin amplitude, and the phase of Bd-Bd(bar) mixing. In order to make such a comparison, we require one piece of theoretical input, which we take to be a prediction for |P/T|, the relative size of the penguin and tree contributions to Bd -> pi^+ pi^-. If independent knowledge of alpha is available, the decay Bd(t) -> pi^+ pi^- alone can be used to search for new physics. If a full isospin analysis can be done, then new physics can be found solely through measurements of B -> pi pi decays. The most promising scenario occurs when the isospin analysis can be combined with independent knowledge of alpha. In all cases, the prospects for detecting new physics in B -> pi pi decays can be greatly improved with the help of additional measurements which will remove discrete ambiguities.
We analyse the B -> pi pi, pi K modes in the light of the most recent B-factory data, and obtain the following new results: (i) the B0 -> pi+ pi-, pi- K+ modes prefer gamma=(74+-6)deg, which - together with |V_ub/V_cb| - allows us to determine the ``true unitarity triangle and to search for CP-violating new-physics contributions to B0_d-bar B0_d mixing; (ii) the B -> pi K puzzle reflected in particular by the low experimental value of the ratio R_n of the neutral B -> pi K rates persists and still favours new physics in the electroweak penguin sector with a new CP-violating phase phi ~ -90deg, although now also phi ~ +90deg can bring us rather close to the data; (iii) the mixing-induced B0 -> pi0 K_S CP asymmetry is a sensitive probe of the sign of this phase, and would currently favour phi ~ +90deg, as well as the direct CP asymmetry of B+- -> pi0 K+-, which suffers, however, from large hadronic uncertainties; (iv) we investigate the sensitivity of our B -> pi K analysis to large non-factorizable SU(3)-breaking effects and find that their impact is surprisingly small so that it is indeed exciting to speculate on new physics; (v) assuming that new physics enters through Z0 penguins, we study the interplay between B -> pi K and rare B, K decays and point out that the most recent B-factory constraints for the latter have interesting implications, bringing us to a few scenarios for the future evolution of the data, where also the mixing-induced CP violation in B0 -> pi0 K_S plays a prominent role.
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