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Register a new userPrecision planar drift chambers and cradle for the TWIST muon decay spectrometer
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R. S. Henderson
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To measure the muon decay parameters with high accuracy, we require an array of precision drift detector layers whose relative position is known with very high accuracy. This article describes the design, construction and performance of these detectors in the TWIST (TRIUMF Weak Interaction Symmetry Test) spectrometer.
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The muon is playing a unique role in sub-atomic physics. Studies of muon decay both determine the overall strength and establish the chiral structure of weak interactions, as well as setting extraordinary limits on charged-lepton-flavor-violating processes. Measurements of the muons anomalous magnetic moment offer singular sensitivity to the completeness of the standard model and the predictions of many speculative theories. Spectroscopy of muonium and muonic atoms gives unmatched determinations of fundamental quantities including the magnetic moment ratio $mu_mu / mu_p$, lepton mass ratio $m_{mu} / m_e$, and proton charge radius $r_p$. Also, muon capture experiments are exploring elusive features of weak interactions involving nucleons and nuclei. We will review the experimental landscape of contemporary high-precision and high-sensitivity experiments with muons. One focus is the novel methods and ingenious techniques that achieve such precision and sensitivity in recent, present, and planned experiments. Another focus is the uncommonly broad and topical range of questions in atomic, nuclear and particle physics that such experiments explore.
The TWIST experiment has made a precision measurement of three of the decay parameters in muon decay. The newest results are rho = 0.75014 +-0.00017(stat) +-0.00044(sys) +-0.00011(eta) and delta = 0.75067 +-0.00030(stat) +-0.00067(sys). Together with previously published results, improved constraints on possible extensions of the electroweak Standard Model are derived.
The TWIST collaboration has performed new measurements of two of the parameters that describe muon decay: $rho$, which governs the shape of the overall momentum spectrum, and $delta$, which governs the momentum dependence of the parity-violating decay asymmetry. This analysis gives the results $rho=0.75014pm 0.00017(text{stat})pm 0.00044(text{syst})pm 0.00011(eta)$, where the last uncertainty arises from the correlation between $rho$ and the decay parameter $eta$, and $delta = 0.75067pm 0.00030(text{stat})pm 0.00067(text{syst})$. These are consistent with the value of 3/4 given for both parameters in the Standard Model of particle physics, and are a factor of two more precise than the measurements previously published by TWIST. A new global analysis of all available muon decay data incorporating these results is presented. Improved lower and upper limits on the decay parameter $P_mu^pixi$ of $0.99524 < P_mu^pixi leq xi < 1.00091$ at 90% confidence are determined, where $P_mu^pi$ is the polarization of the muon when it is created during pion decay, and $xi$ governs the muon decay asymmetry. These results set new model-independent constraints on the possible weak interactions of right-handed particles. Specific implications for left-right symmetric models are discussed.
The Majorana Demonstrator is an ultra low-background experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{76}$Ge. The heavily shielded array of germanium detectors, placed nearly a mile underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, also allows searches for new exotic physics. We present the first limits for tri-nucleon decay-specific modes and invisible decay modes for Ge isotopes. We find a half-life limit of $4.9 times 10^{25}$ yr for the decay $^{76}{rm Ge(ppn)} to {}^{73}{rm Zn} e^+pi^+$ and $4.7times10^{25}$ yr for the decay $^{76}{rm Ge(ppp)} to ^{73}{rm Cu} e^+pi^+pi^+$. The half-life limit for the invisible tri-proton decay mode of $^{76}$Ge was found to be $7.5times10^{24}$ yr.
The NEMO-3 experiment at the Modane Underground Laboratory has investigated the double-$beta$ decay of $^{48}{rm Ca}$. Using $5.25$ yr of data recorded with a $6.99,{rm g}$ sample of $^{48}{rm Ca}$, approximately $150$ double-$beta$ decay candidate events have been selected with a signal-to-background ratio greater than $3$. The half-life for the two-neutrino double-$beta$ decay of $^{48}{rm Ca}$ has been measured to be $T^{2 u}_{1/2},=,[6.4, ^{+0.7}_{-0.6}{rm (stat.)} , ^{+1.2}_{-0.9}{rm (syst.)}] times 10^{19},{rm yr}$. A search for neutrinoless double-$beta$ decay of $^{48}{rm Ca}$ yields a null result and a corresponding lower limit on the half-life is found to be $T^{0 u}_{1/2} > 2.0 times 10^{22},{rm yr}$ at $90%$ confidence level, translating into an upper limit on the effective Majorana neutrino mass of $< m_{betabeta} > < 6.0 - 26$ ${rm eV}$, with the range reflecting different nuclear matrix element calculations. Limits are also set on models involving Majoron emission and right-handed currents.
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