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Register a new userKondo resonance enhanced supercurrent in single wall carbon nanotube Josephson junctions
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Kasper Grove-Rasmussen
Publication date
2006
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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We have contacted single wall carbon nanotubes grown by chemical vapor deposition to superconducting Ti/Al/Ti electrodes. The device, we here report on is in the Kondo regime exhibiting a four-fold shell structure, where a clear signature of the superconducting electrodes is observed below the critical temperature. Multiple Andreev reflections are revealed by sub-gap structure and a narrow peak in the differential conductance around zero bias is seen depending on the shell filling. We interpret the peak as a proximity induced supercurrent and examine its interplay with Kondo resonances.
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We present the results of theoretical study of Current-Phase Relations (CPR) in Josephson junctions of SIsFS type, where S is a bulk superconductor and IsF is a complex weak link consisting of a superconducting film s, a metallic ferromagnet F and an insulating barrier I. We calculate the relationship between Josephson current and phase difference. At temperatures close to critical, calculations are performed analytically in the frame of the Ginsburg-Landau equations. At low temperatures numerical method is developed to solve selfconsistently the Usadel equations in the structure. We demonstrate that SIsFS junctions have several distinct regimes of supercurrent transport and we examine spatial distributions of the pair potential across the structure in different regimes. We study the crossover between these regimes which is caused by shifting the location of a weak link from the tunnel barrier I to the F-layer. We show that strong deviations of the CPR from sinusoidal shape occur even in a vicinity of Tc, and these deviations are strongest in the crossover regime. We demonstrate the existence of temperature-induced crossover between 0 and pi states in the contact and show that smoothness of this transition strongly depends on the CPR shape.
In the past year, several groups have observed evidence for long-range spin-triplet supercurrent in Josephson junctions containing ferromagnetic (F) materials. In our work, the spin-triplet pair correlations are created by non-collinear magnetizations between a central Co/Ru/Co synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) and two outer thin F layers. Here we present data showing that the spin-triplet supercurrent is enhanced up to 20 times after our samples are subject to a large in-plane magnetizing field. This surprising result can be explained if the Co/Ru/Co SAF undergoes a spin-flop transition, whereby the two Co layer magnetizations end up perpendicular to the magnetizations of the two thin F layers. Direct experimental evidence for the spin-flop transition comes from scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis and from spin-polarized neutron reflectometry.
In 2010, several experimental groups obtained compelling evidence for spin-triplet supercurrent in Josephson junctions containing strong ferromagnetic materials. Our own best results were obtained from large-area junctions containing a thick central Co/Ru/Co synthetic antiferromagnet and two thin outer layers made of Ni or PdNi alloy. Because the ferromagnetic layers in our samples are multi-domain, one would expect the sign of the local current-phase relation inside the junctions to vary randomly as a function of lateral position. Here we report measurements of the area dependence of the critical current in several samples, where we find some evidence for those random sign variations. When the samples are magnetized, however, the critical current becomes clearly proportional to the area, indicating that the current-phase relation has the same sign across the entire area of the junctions.
We report transport measurements on Josephson junctions consisting of Bi2Te3 topological insulator (TI) thin films contacted by superconducting Nb electrodes. For a device with junction length L = 134 nm, the critical supercurrent Ic can be modulated by an electrical gate which tunes the carrier type and density of the TI film. Ic can reach a minimum when the TI is near the charge neutrality regime with the Fermi energy lying close to the Dirac point of the surface state. In the p-type regime the Josephson current can be well described by a short ballistic junction model. In the n-type regime the junction is ballistic at 0.7 K < T < 3.8 K while for T < 0.7 K the diffusive bulk modes emerge and contribute a larger Ic than the ballistic model. We attribute the lack of diffusive bulk modes in the p-type regime to the formation of p-n junctions. Our work provides new clues for search of Majorana zero mode in TI-based superconducting devices.
Proximity-induced superconductivity in three dimensional (3D) topological insulators forms a new quantum phase of matter and accommodates exotic quasiparticles such as Majorana bound states. One of the biggest drawbacks of the commonly studied 3D topological insulators is the presence of conducting bulk that obscures both surface states and low energy bound states. Introducing superconductivity in topological Kondo insulators such as SmB$_6$, however, is promising due to their true insulating bulk at low temperatures. In this work, we develop an unconventional Josephson junction by coupling superconducting Nb leads to the surface states of a SmB$_6$ crystal. We observe a robust critical current at low temperatures that responds to the application of an out-of-plane magnetic field with significant deviations from usual Fraunhofer patterns. The appearance of Shaphiro steps under microwave radiation gives further evidence of a Josephson effect. Moreover, we explore the effects of Kondo breakdown in our devices, such as ferromagnetism at the surface and anomalous temperature dependence of supercurrent. Particularly, the magnetic diffraction patterns show an anomalous hysteresis with the field sweep direction suggesting the coexistence of magnetism with superconductivity at the SmB$_6$ surface. The experimental work will advance the current understanding of topologically nontrivial superconductors and emergent states associated with such unconventional superconducting phases.
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